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Chapter 7: Q1E (page 389)
Does a cation gain protons to form a positive charge or does it lose electrons?
To form cations and anions, atoms gain and lose electrons, while their proton count remains constant.
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Write the resonance forms of ozone, \({{\rm{O}}_{\rm{3}}}\), the component of the upper atmosphere that protects the Earth from ultraviolet radiation.
A compound with a molar mass of about\({\rm{42 g/mol}}\)contains\({\rm{85}}{\rm{.7 \% }}\)carbon and\({\rm{14}}{\rm{.3 \% }}\)hydrogen by mass. Write the Lewis structure for a molecule of the compound.
Many monatomic ions are found in seawater, including the ions formed from the following list of elements. Write the Lewis symbols for the monatomic ions formed from the following elements: (a)\({\rm{CI}}\)(b)\({\rm{Na}}\)(c)\({\rm{Mg}}\)(d)\({\rm{Ca}}\)(e)\({\rm{K}}\)(f)\({\rm{Br}}\)(g)\({\rm{Sr}}\)(h)\({\rm{F}}\).
Use the simulation (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/16MolecPolarity) to perform the following exercises for a two-atom molecule: (a) Adjust the electronegativity value so the bond dipole is pointing toward B. Then determine what the electronegativity values must be to switch the dipole so that it points toward A. (b) With a partial positive charge on A, turn on the electric field and describe what happens. (c) With a small partial negative charge on A, turn on the electric field and describe what happens. (d) Reset all, and then with a large partial negative charge on A, turn on the electric field and describe what happens.
Determine the formal charge of each element in the following:
(a) \({\rm{HCl}}\)
(b) \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{4}}}\)
(c) \({\rm{PC}}{{\rm{l}}_{\rm{3}}}\)
(d) \({\rm{P}}{{\rm{F}}_{\rm{5}}}\)
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