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Chapter 17: Q19E (page 959)
Why is a salt bridge necessary in galvanic cells like the one in Figure 17.4?
Salt bridge is necessary to functionalize the galvanic cell.
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Why is it not possible for hydroxide ion \(\left( {{\bf{O}}{{\bf{H}}^ - }} \right)\)to appear in either of the half-reactions or the overall equationwhen balancing oxidation-reduction reactions in basic solution?
List some things that are typically considered when selecting a battery for a new application.
If a sample of iron and a sample of zinc come into contact, the zinc corrodes but the iron does not. If a sample of iron comes into contact with a sample of copper, the iron corrodes but the copper does not. Explain this phenomenon.
An inventor proposes using a SHE (standard hydrogen electrode) in a new battery for smartphones that also removes toxic carbon monoxide from the air:
Anode:\({\bf{CO(g) + }}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{O(l)}} \to {\bf{C}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g) + 2}}{{\bf{H}}^{\bf{ + }}}{\bf{(aq) + 2}}{{\bf{e}}^{\bf{ - }}}\;\;\;{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{anode }}}^{\bf{^\circ }}{\bf{ = - 0}}{\bf{.53\;V}}\)
Cathode:\({\bf{2}}{{\bf{H}}^{\bf{ + }}}{\bf{(aq) + 2}}{{\bf{e}}^{\bf{ - }}} \to {{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\;\;\;{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{cathode }}}^{\bf{^\circ }}{\bf{ = 0\;V}}\)
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Overall:\({\bf{CO(g) + }}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{O(l)}} \to {\bf{C}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g) + }}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\;\;\;{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{cell }}}^{\bf{^\circ }}{\bf{ = + 0}}{\bf{.53\;V}}\)
Would this make a good battery for smartphones? Why or why not?
Identify the species that was oxidized, the species that was reduced, the oxidizing agent, and the reducing agentin each of the reactions of the previous problem.
(a) \({\bf{S}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}^{{\bf{2 - }}}{\bf{(aq) + Cu(OH}}{{\bf{)}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(s)}} \to {\bf{S}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{4}}}^{{\bf{2 - }}}{\bf{(aq) + Cu(OH)(s)}}\)
(b) \({{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g) + Mn(OH}}{{\bf{)}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(s)}} \to {\bf{Mn}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(s)}}\)
(c) \({\bf{N}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}^{\bf{ - }}{\bf{(aq) + }}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}} \to {\bf{NO(g)}}\)
(d) \({\bf{Al(s) + Cr}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{4}}}^{{\bf{2 - }}}{\bf{(aq)}} \to {\bf{Al(OH}}{{\bf{)}}_{\bf{3}}}{\bf{(s) + Cr(OH}}{{\bf{)}}_{\bf{4}}}^{\bf{ - }}{\bf{(aq)}}\)
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