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Chapter 17: Q21E (page 915)
An active (metal) electrode was found to lose mass as the oxidation-reduction reaction was allowed to proceed. Was the electrode part of the anode or cathode? Explain.
The active electrode that loses mass is the part of anode.
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What mass of each product is produced in each of the electrolytic cells of the previous problem if a total charge of \({\bf{3}}.{\bf{33}} \times {\bf{1}}{{\bf{0}}^5}{\rm{ }}{\bf{C}}\) passes through each cell? Assume the voltage is sufficient to perform the reduction
Aluminium\(\left( {{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{A}}{{\bf{l}}^{{\bf{3 + }}}}{\bf{/Al}}}^{\bf{^\circ }}{\bf{ = - 2}}{\bf{.07\;V}}} \right)\) is more easily oxidized than iron \(\left( {{\bf{E}}_{{\bf{F}}{{\bf{e}}^{\bf{3}}}}^{\bf{^\circ }}{\bf{/F}}{{\bf{e}}^{\bf{ - }}}{\bf{ = - 0}}{\bf{.477\;V}}} \right){\bf{,}}\) and yet when both are exposed to the environment, untreated aluminium has very good corrosion resistance while the corrosion resistance of untreated iron is poor. Explain this observation.
Determine the overall reaction and its standard cell potential at \({25\circ }{\rm{C}}\) for these reactions. Is the reaction spontaneous at standard conditions? Assume the standard reduction for \({\rm{B}}{{\rm{r}}_2}(l)\) is the same as for \({\rm{B}}{{\rm{r}}_2}(aq)\).
The mass of three different metal electrodes, each from a different galvanic cell, were determined before andafter the current generated by the oxidation-reduction reaction in each cell was allowed to flow for a few minutes.The first metal electrode, given the label A, was found to have increased in mass; the second metal electrode, giventhe label B, did not change in mass; and the third metal electrode, given the label C, was found to have lost mass.
Make an educated guess as to which electrodes were active and which were inert electrodes, and which wereanode(s) and which were the cathode(s)
Balance the following in basic solution:
(a) \({\bf{S}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}^{{\bf{2 - }}}{\bf{(aq) + Cu(OH}}{{\bf{)}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(s)}} \to {\bf{S}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{4}}}^{{\bf{2 - }}}{\bf{(aq) + Cu(OH)(s)}}\)
(b) \({{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g) + Mn(OH}}{{\bf{)}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(s)}} \to {\bf{Mn}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(s)}}\)
(c) \({\bf{N}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}^{\bf{ - }}{\bf{(aq) + }}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}} \to {\bf{NO(g)}}\)
(d) \({\bf{Al(s) + Cr}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{4}}}^{{\bf{2 - }}}{\bf{(aq)}} \to {\bf{Al(OH}}{{\bf{)}}_{\bf{3}}}{\bf{(s) + Cr(OH}}{{\bf{)}}_{\bf{4}}}^{\bf{ - }}{\bf{(aq)}}\)
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