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Mobile App Chapter 15: Q62E (page 875)
Question: Explain why the addition of \(N{H_3}\;or\;HN{O_3}\)to a saturated solution of \(A{g_2}C{O_3}\)in contact with solid \(A{g_2}C{O_3}\)increases the solubility of the solid.
Short Answer
When \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_3}\) react with \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}^ + }\). This will decrease the concentration of \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}^ + }\)ions, and move equilibrium to the right. The concentration of \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}^{2 - }\)will increase, and the amount of the solid \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}\) will decrease. Hence, the solubility of \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}\)is increased.
When \({\rm{HN}}{{\rm{O}}_3}\)dissociates into \({{\rm{H}}^ + }{\rm{and\;N}}{{\rm{O}}_3} - \) ions. \({{\rm{H}}^ + }\)ions react with \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}^{2 - }\) ion, to produce \({{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}\). This will decrease the concentration of \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}2 - \)ions, and move equilibrium to the right. The concentration of \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}^ + }\)will increase, and the amount of the solid \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}\) will decrease. Hence, the solubility of \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}\)is increased.
Step by step solution
Explanation for adding \(N{H_3}\;or\;HN{O_3}\):
Dissolution of \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}\),
\({\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_3}\)react with \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}^ + }\) and form complex \({\left( {{\rm{Ag}}{{\left( {{\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_3}} \right)}_2}} \right)^ + }\)
This will decrease the concentration of \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}^ + }\)ions, and move equilibrium to the right. The concentration of \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}^{2 - }\)will increase, and the amount of the solid \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}\) will decrease. Hence, the solubility of \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}\)is increased.
For \({\rm{HN}}{{\rm{O}}_3}\),
\({\rm{HN}}{{\rm{O}}_3}\)dissociates into \({{\rm{H}}^ + }{\rm{and\;N}}{{\rm{O}}_3} - \) ions. \({{\rm{H}}^ + }\)ions react with \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}^{2 - }\) ion, to produce \({{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}\). This will decrease the concentration of \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}2 - \)ions, and move equilibrium to the right. The concentration of \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}^ + }\)will increase, and the amount of the solid \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}\) will decrease. Hence, the solubility of \({\rm{A}}{{\rm{g}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_3}\)is increased.
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