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Chapter 9: Q102E (page 515)

Question: Describe the factors responsible for the deviation of the behaviour of real gases from that of an ideal gas.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Actual gases deviate from their ideal condition due to changes in temperature, pressure, and van der Waals attractions. Furthermore, when the size of the gas molecules grows larger, the gas's ideal behaviour begins to vary.

Step by step solution

01

Step 1: Define Gas

One of the four fundamental states of matter, a gas is made up of particles with no definite volume or structure.

02

Describing the factor responsible for the behaviour of real gas

The departure of real gases from that of an ideal gas is caused by lowering the temperature, raising the pressure, and van der Waals attractions. In addition, when the size of the gas molecules grows larger, the gas begins to diverge from its optimum behaviour.

Therefore, lowering the temperature, rising the pressure, and van der Waals attractions cause actual gases to diverge from their ideal state. Furthermore, when the size of the gas molecules increases, the gas begins to deviate from its ideal behaviour.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Question: When two cotton plugs, one moistened with ammonia and the other with hydrochloric acid, are simultaneously inserted into opposite ends of a glass tube that is 87.0 cm long, a white ring of \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{4}}}{\rm{Cl}}\) forms where gaseous \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}\) and gaseous \({\rm{HCl}}\) first come into contact. (Hint: Calculate the rates of diffusion for both \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}\) and \({\rm{HCl}}\), and find out how much faster \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}\) diffuses than \({\rm{HCl}}\).) \({\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}{\rm{(g) + HCl(g)}} \to {\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{4}}}{\rm{Cl(s)}}\)

At approximately what distance from the ammonia moistened plug does this occur?

The chlorofluorocarbon CCl2F2 can be recycled into a different compound by reaction with hydrogen to produce CH2F2(g), a compound useful in chemical manufacturing: CCl2F2 (g) + 4H2 (g)⟶CH2F2 (g) + 2HCl(g)

(a) Outline the steps necessary to answer the following question: What volume of hydrogen at 225 atm and 35.5 °C would be required to react with 1 ton (1.000 × 103 kg) of CCl2F2?

(b) Answer the question

A cylinder of a gas mixture used for calibration of blood gas analyzers in medical laboratories contains\({\rm{5}}{\rm{.0\% C}}{{\rm{O}}^{\rm{2}}}{\rm{, 12}}{\rm{.0\% }}{{\rm{O}}^{\rm{2}}}\), and the remainder \({{\rm{N}}^{\rm{2}}}\)at a total pressure of \({\rm{146}}\) atm. What is the partial pressure of each component of this gas? (The percentages given indicate the percent of the total pressure that is due to each component.)

One method of analyzing amino acids is the van Slyke method. The characteristic amino groups(-NH2) in protein material are allowed to react with nitrous acid, HNO2, to form N2 gas. From the volume of the gas, the amount of amino acid can be determined. A 0.0604-g sample of a biological sample containing glycine, CH2(NH2)CO2H, was analyzed by the van Slyke method and yielded 3.70mL of N2 collected over water at a pressure of 735 torrs and 29 ̊C. What was the percentage of glycine in the sample?

\[{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{(N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{)C}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{H+HN}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\to{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{(OH)C}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{H+}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{O+}}{{\rm{N}}_{\rm{2}}}\]

Question: Explain why the plot of \({\rm{PV}}\) for \({\rm{C}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\) differs from that of an ideal gas.
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