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Chapter 12: Q71 E (page 710)
What is the rate equation for the elementary termolecular reaction A + 2B⟶products? For 3A⟶products?
For any reaction, the rate is given by the product of the concentration of the reactant, where each reactant concentration is raised to the power of the stoichiometric ratio.
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There are two molecules with the formula\({{\bf{C}}_{\bf{3}}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{6}}}\). Propene,\({\bf{C}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{3}}}{\bf{CH = C}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}\), is the monomer of the polymer polypropylene, which is used for indoor-outdoor carpets. Cyclopropane is used as an anaesthetic:
When heated to 499\({\bf{^\circ C}}\), cyclopropane rearranges (isomerizes) and forms propene with a rate constant of\({\bf{5}}{\bf{.95 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{ - 4}}}}{{\bf{s}}^{{\bf{ - 1}}}}\). What is the half-life of this reaction? What fraction of the cyclopropane remains after 0.75 h at 499.5\({\bf{^\circ C}}\)?
Under certain conditions, the decomposition of ammonia on a metal surface gives the following data:
Determine the rate law, the rate constant, and the overall order for this reaction.
For the reaction\({\bf{A}} \to {\bf{B + C}}\), the following data were obtained at 30 °C:
Consider this scenario and answer the following questions: Chlorine atoms resulting from decomposition of chlorofluoromethanes, such as \({\bf{CC}}{{\bf{l}}_{\bf{2}}}{{\bf{F}}_{\bf{2}}}\), catalyse the decomposition of ozone in the atmosphere. One simplified mechanism for the decomposition is:
\(\begin{aligned}{}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}\overset{sunlight}{\rightarrow}{}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\rm{ }} + {\rm{ }}{\bf{O}}\\{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}{\rm{ }} + {\rm{ }}{\bf{Cl}}\to {{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\rm{ }} + {\rm{ }}{\bf{ClO}}\\{\bf{ClO}}{\rm{ }} + {\rm{ }}{\bf{O}}\to {\bf{Cl}}{\rm{ }} + {\rm{ }}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}\end{aligned}\)
(a) Explain why chlorine atoms are catalysts in the gas-phase transformation:
\({\bf{2}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}\mathop {}\limits^{}\to {\bf{3}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}\)
(b) Nitric oxide is also involved in the decomposition of ozone by the mechanism: Is NO a catalyst for the decomposition? Explain your answer.
\(\begin{aligned}{}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}\overset{sunlight}{\rightarrow}{\rm{ }}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\rm{ }} + {\rm{ }}{\bf{O}}\\{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}{\rm{ }} + {\rm{ }}{\bf{NO}}\rightarrow {\bf{N}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\rm{ }} + {\rm{ }}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}\\{\bf{N}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\rm{ }} + {\rm{ }}{\bf{O}}\rightarrow {\bf{NO}}{\rm{ }} + {\rm{ }}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}\end{aligned}\)
A study of the rate of the reaction represented as 2A⟶ B gave the following data:
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