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Chapter 12: Q71E. (page 710)
What is the rate equation for the elementary termolecular reaction A + 2B⟶products? For 3A⟶products?
For any reaction, the rate is given by the product of the concentration of the reactant, where each reactant concentration is raised to the power of the stoichiometric ratio.
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Some bacteria are resistant to the antibiotic penicillin because they produce penicillinase, an enzyme with a molecular weight of \({\bf{3 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{\bf{4}}}\)g/mole that converts penicillin into inactive molecules. Although the kinetics of enzyme-catalysed reactions can be complex, at low concentrations this reaction can be described by a rate equation that is first order in the catalyst (penicillinase) and that also involves the concentration of penicillin. From the following data: 1.0 L of a solution containing 0.15 µg (\({\bf{0}}{\bf{.15 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{ - 6}}}}\)g) of penicillinase, determine the order of the reaction with respect to penicillin and the value of the rate constant.
(Penicillin) (M) | Rate (mole/L/min) |
\({\bf{2}}{\bf{.0 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{ - 6}}}}\) \(\) | \({\bf{1}}{\bf{.0 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{ - 10}}}}\) |
\({\bf{3}}{\bf{.0 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{ - 6}}}}\) | \({\bf{1}}{\bf{.5 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{ - 10}}}}\) |
\({\bf{4}}{\bf{.0 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{ - 6}}}}\) | \({\bf{2}}{\bf{.0 \times 1}}{{\bf{0}}^{{\bf{ - 10}}}}\) |
How do the rate of a reaction and its rate constant differ?
The rate constant for the rate of decomposition of \({{\bf{N}}_{\bf{2}}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{5}}}\)to\({\bf{NO}}\) and \({{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}\)in the gas phase is 1.66 L/mol/s at 650 K and 7.39 L/mol/s at 700 K:
\({\bf{2}}{{\bf{N}}_{\bf{2}}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{5}}}{\bf{(g) - - - 4NO(g) + 3}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{(g)}}\)
Assuming the kinetics of this reaction are consistent with the Arrhenius equation, calculate the activation energy for this decomposition.
Define these terms: (a) unimolecular reaction (b) bimolecular reaction (c) elementary reaction (d) overall reaction.
Doubling the concentration of a reactant increases the rate of a reaction four times. With this knowledge, answer the following questions:
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