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Chapter 10: Q10.3-37 E (page 587)
Why does spilled gasoline evaporate more rapidly on a hot day than on a cold day?
Spilled gasoline evaporates more rapidly on a hot day than on a cold day because a greater fraction of molecules has sufficient energy to escape from the liquid at high temperatures than at lower temperatures.
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As it cools, olive oil slowly solidifies and forms a solid over a range of temperatures. Which best describes the solid?
(a) ionic (b) covalent network (c) metallic (d) amorphous (e) molecular crystals
Identify the following substances as ionic, metallic, covalent network, or molecular solids: Substance A is malleable, ductile, conducts electricity well, and has a melting point of\({\rm{1135 ^\circ C}}\). Substance B is brittle, does not conduct electricity as a solid but does when molten, and has a melting point of\({\rm{2072 ^\circ C}}\). Substance C is very hard, does not conduct electricity, and has a melting point of\({\rm{3440 ^\circ C}}\). Substance D is soft, does not conduct electricity, and has a melting point of\({\rm{185 ^\circ C}}\).
If a severe storm results in the loss of electricity, it may be necessary to use a clothesline to dry laundry. In many parts of the country in the dead of winter, the clothes will quickly freeze when they are hung on the line. If it does not snow, will they dry anyway? Explain your answer
Identify the type of crystalline solid (metallic, network covalent, ionic, or molecular) formed by each of the following substances:
\(\begin{aligned}{\rm{(a)Si}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\\{\rm{(b)KCl}}\\{\rm{(c)Cu}}\\{\rm{(d)C}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{2}}}\\{\rm{(e)C(diamond)}}\\{\rm{(f)BaS}}{{\rm{O}}_{\rm{4}}}\\{\rm{(g)N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}\\{\rm{(h)N}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{4}}}{\rm{\;F}}\\{\rm{(i)}}{{\rm{C}}_{\rm{2}}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{5}}}{\rm{OH}}\end{aligned}\)
The free space in a metal may be found by subtracting the volume of the atoms in a unit cell from the volume of the cell. Calculate the percentage of free space in each of the three cubic lattices if all atoms in each are of equal size and touch their nearest neighbours. Which of these structures represents the most efficient packing? That is, which one of them packs with the least amount of unused space?
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