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Chapter 10: Q10.4-56 E (page 588)

Pressure cookers allow food to cook faster because the higher pressure inside the pressure cooker increases the boiling temperature of water. A particular pressure cooker has a safety valve that is set to vent steam if the pressure exceeds \({\rm{3}}{\rm{.4 atm}}\). What is the approximate maximum temperature that can be reached inside this pressure cooker? Explain your reasoning.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The approximate maximum temperature that can be reached inside this pressure cooker is \({\rm{15}}{{\rm{0}}^{\rm{o}}}{\rm{C}}\).

Step by step solution

01

Definition of liquid

One of the states of matter is the liquid state. Because the particles in a liquid are free to move, it lacks a defined form even while having a defined volume.

02

Explaining the reasoning

If we look at the phase diagram of water, then we can say that the maximum temperature would be around \({\rm{15}}{{\rm{0}}^{\rm{^\circ }}}{\rm{C}}\).

The diagram is:

The change is said to be at constant pressure and the variable temperatures are identified by just drawing a line parallel to the x-axis through the pressure given.

The diagram then will be:

Therefore, due to the increased pressure inside the pressure cooker, it allows water to boil at higher temperatures.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Silane (\({\rm{Si}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{4}}}\)), phosphine (\({\rm{P}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}\)), and hydrogen sulfide (\({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{S}}\)) melt at \({\rm{ - 18}}{{\rm{5}}^{\rm{o}}}\)C, \({\rm{ - 13}}{{\rm{3}}^{\rm{o}}}\)C, and \({\rm{ - 8}}{{\rm{5}}^{\rm{^\circ }}}\)C, respectively. What does this suggest about the polar character and intermolecular attractions of the three compounds?

Ethane \(\left( {{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_3}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_3}} \right)\) has a melting point of -1830C and a boiling point of -890C. Predict the melting and boiling points for methylamine \(\left( {{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_3}{\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_2}} \right)\). Explain your reasoning.

At very low temperatures oxygen, O2, freezes and forms a crystalline solid. Which best describes these crystals?

(a) ionic (b) covalent network (c) metallic (d) amorphous (e) molecular crystals

Identify the following substances as ionic, metallic, covalent network, or molecular solids: Substance A is malleable, ductile, conducts electricity well, and has a melting point of\({\rm{1135 ^\circ C}}\). Substance B is brittle, does not conduct electricity as a solid but does when molten, and has a melting point of\({\rm{2072 ^\circ C}}\). Substance C is very hard, does not conduct electricity, and has a melting point of\({\rm{3440 ^\circ C}}\). Substance D is soft, does not conduct electricity, and has a melting point of\({\rm{185 ^\circ C}}\).

Explain the following observations:

(a) It takes longer to cook an egg in Ft. Davis, Texas (altitude,5000 feet above sea level) than it does in Boston (at sea level).

(b) Perspiring is a mechanism for cooling the body.
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