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Chapter 10: Q64 E (page 590)
What types of liquids typically form amorphous solids?
Large and cumbersome molecules are amorphous solid
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Explain why ice, which is a crystalline solid, has a melting temperature of 0 °C, whereas butter, which is an amorphous solid, softens over a range of temperatures.
Titanium tetrachloride\(Ti{\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}_4}\) has a melting point of\({\rm{23}}{\rm{.2}}^\circ {\rm{C}}\) and has a ΔH fusion =\(9.37\)kJ/mol.
(a) How much energy is required to melt \(263.1\)g\(Ti{\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}_4}\)?
(b) For\(Ti{\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}_4}\) which will likely have the larger magnitude: ΔH fusion or ΔH vaporization? Explain your reasoning.
Explain why the enthalpies of vaporization of the following substances increase in the order CH4 < NH3 < H2O, even though all three substances have approximately the same molar mass.
Silane (\({\rm{Si}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{4}}}\)), phosphine (\({\rm{P}}{{\rm{H}}_{\rm{3}}}\)), and hydrogen sulfide (\({{\rm{H}}_{\rm{2}}}{\rm{S}}\)) melt at \({\rm{ - 18}}{{\rm{5}}^{\rm{o}}}\)C, \({\rm{ - 13}}{{\rm{3}}^{\rm{o}}}\)C, and \({\rm{ - 8}}{{\rm{5}}^{\rm{^\circ }}}\)C, respectively. What does this suggest about the polar character and intermolecular attractions of the three compounds?
Ethane \(\left( {{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_3}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_3}} \right)\) has a melting point of -1830C and a boiling point of -890C. Predict the melting and boiling points for methylamine \(\left( {{\rm{C}}{{\rm{H}}_3}{\rm{N}}{{\rm{H}}_2}} \right)\). Explain your reasoning.
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