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Chapter 21: Q31E (page 1205)
Question: Define the term half-life and illustrate it with an example.
The half-life of a radioactive element is the time it takes for its activity to drop to half of its original activity. A probability is what a half-life is. When half of the atoms have decayed, this is the predicted value.
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Question: 14. Complete each of the following equations:
\(\begin{array}{l}{\bf{(a) }}_{\bf{3}}^{\bf{7}}{\bf{Li + ?}} \to {\bf{2}}_{\bf{2}}^{\bf{4}}{\bf{He}}\\\\{\bf{(b) }}_{\bf{6}}^{{\bf{14}}}{\bf{C}} \to _{\bf{7}}^{{\bf{14}}}{\bf{\;N + ?}}\\\\{\bf{(c) }}_{{\bf{13}}}^{{\bf{27}}}{\bf{Al + }}_{\bf{2}}^{\bf{4}}{\bf{He}} \to {\bf{? + }}_{\bf{0}}^{\bf{1}}{\bf{n}}\\\\{\bf{(d) }}_{{\bf{96}}}^{{\bf{250}}}{\bf{Cm}} \to {\bf{? + }}\,\,_{{\bf{38}}}^{{\bf{98}}}{\bf{Sr + 4}}_{\bf{0}}^{\bf{1}}{\bf{n}}\end{array}\)
If a hospital were storing radioisotopes, what is the minimum containment needed to protect against:
(a) cobalt\({\rm{ - 60}}\)(a strong γ emitter used for irradiation)
(b) molybdenum\({\rm{ - 99}}\)(a beta emitter used to produce technetium\({\rm{ - 99}}\)for imaging).
Question: 13. Complete each of the following equations by adding the missing species:
\(\begin{array}{l}{\bf{(a) }}_{{\bf{13}}}^{{\bf{27}}}{\bf{Al + }}_{\bf{2}}^{\bf{4}}{\bf{Hen }} \to {\bf{? + }}_{\bf{0}}^{\bf{1}}{\bf{n}}\\{\bf{(b) }}_{{\bf{94}}}^{{\bf{239}}}{\bf{Pu + }} \to {\bf{?n}}_{{\bf{96}}}^{{\bf{242}}}{\bf{Cm + }}_{\bf{0}}^{\bf{1}}{\bf{n}}\\{\bf{(c) }}_{{\bf{ 7}}}^{{\bf{14}}}{\bf{\;N + }}_{\bf{2}}^{\bf{4}}{\bf{Hen }} \to {\bf{? + }}_{\bf{1}}^{\bf{1}}{\bf{H}}\\{\bf{(d) }}_{{\bf{92}}}^{{\bf{235}}}{\bf{Un }} \to {\bf{? + }}_{{\bf{55}}}^{{\bf{135}}}{\bf{Cs + 4}}_{\bf{0}}^{\bf{1}}{\bf{n}}\end{array}\)
How does nuclear fission differ from nuclear fusion? Why are both of these processes exothermic?
Identify the subshell in which electrons with the following quantum numbers are found:
(a)n= 3,l= 2
(b)n= 1,l= 0
(c)n= 4,l= 3
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