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Chapter 21: Q7E (page 1202)

What are the two principal differences between nuclear reactions and ordinary chemical changes?

Short Answer

Expert verified

1) Nuclear reactions are reactions in which the nucleus of one element converts into the nucleus of another element, while chemical reactions are reactions in which atoms are rearranged to form products.

2) Nuclear reactions are not influenced by external factors, while chemical reactions are influenced by them.

Step by step solution

01

Types of reactions

Based on the interacting units of an atom, the reactions can be classified into two types: nuclear reactions and chemical reactions.

In nuclear reactions, the nucleus of an atom interacts with the nucleus of other atoms.

In chemical reactions the valence electrons of an atom will interact with the valence electrons of other atoms

02

Explanation

The two principal differences between the nuclear reactions and the chemical reactions are:

Nuclear reactions are reactions in which the nucleus of one element converts into the nucleus of another element.

While chemical reactions are reactions in which valence electrons of atoms will interact with each other.

Nuclear reactions are not influenced by external factors (for example: temperature and pressure do not affect them).

While chemical reactions are influenced by the external factors.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Based on what is known about Radon-222’s primary decay method, why is inhalation so dangerous?

Isotopes such as\(^{26}{\rm{Al}}\)(half-life:\(7.2 \times {10^5}\)years) are believed to have been present in our solar system as it formed, but have since decayed and are now called extinct nuclides.

(a)\(^{26}{\rm{Al}}\)decays by\({\beta ^ + }\)emission or electron capture. Write the equations for these two nuclear transformations.

(b) The earth was formed about\(4.7 \times {10^9}\)(4.7 billion) years ago. How old was the earth when\(99.999999\% \)of the\(^{26}{\rm{Al}}\)originally present had decayed?

A \(_5^8\;{\rm{B}}\) atom (mass \( = 8.0246{\rm{amu}}\) ) decays into a\(_4^8\;{\rm{B}}\)atom (mass \(\left. { = 8.0053{\rm{amu}}} \right)\) by loss of a \({\beta ^ + }\)particle (mass \( = \)\(0.00055{\rm{amu}}\) ) or by electron capture. How much energy (in millions of electron volts) is produced by this reaction?

Technetium\({\rm{ - 99 m}}\)has a half-life of\({\rm{6}}{\rm{.01}}\)hours. If a patient injected with technetium\({\rm{ - 99 m}}\)is safe to leave the hospital once\({\rm{75\% }}\)of the dose has decayed, when is the patient allowed to leave?

Question:15. Write a balanced equation for each of the following nuclear reactions:

  1. The product of \(^{{\bf{17}}}{\bf{O}}\) from \(^{{\bf{14}}}{\bf{N}}\) by \({\bf{\alpha }}\) particle bombardment
  2. The production of \(^{{\bf{14}}}{\bf{C}}\) from \(^{{\bf{14}}}{\bf{N}}\) by neutron bombardment
  3. The production of \(^{{\bf{233}}}{\bf{Th}}\) from \(^{{\bf{232}}}{\bf{Th}}\) by neutron bombardment
  4. The production of \(^{{\bf{239}}}{\bf{U}}\) from \(^{{\bf{238}}}{\bf{U}}\) by \({_{\bf{1}}^{\bf{2}}}{\bf{H}}\) bombardment\(\)
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