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Chapter 21: Q7E (page 1202)

What are the two principal differences between nuclear reactions and ordinary chemical changes?

Short Answer

Expert verified

1) Nuclear reactions are reactions in which the nucleus of one element converts into the nucleus of another element, while chemical reactions are reactions in which atoms are rearranged to form products.

2) Nuclear reactions are not influenced by external factors, while chemical reactions are influenced by them.

Step by step solution

01

Types of reactions

Based on the interacting units of an atom, the reactions can be classified into two types: nuclear reactions and chemical reactions.

In nuclear reactions, the nucleus of an atom interacts with the nucleus of other atoms.

In chemical reactions the valence electrons of an atom will interact with the valence electrons of other atoms

02

Explanation

The two principal differences between the nuclear reactions and the chemical reactions are:

Nuclear reactions are reactions in which the nucleus of one element converts into the nucleus of another element.

While chemical reactions are reactions in which valence electrons of atoms will interact with each other.

Nuclear reactions are not influenced by external factors (for example: temperature and pressure do not affect them).

While chemical reactions are influenced by the external factors.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A scientist is studying a \(2.234\) g sample of thorium-229 \(\left( {{t_{1/2}} = 7340{\rm{y}}} \right)\) in a laboratory.

(a) What is its activity in Bq?

(b) What is its activity in Ci?

\({}^{239}{\rm{Pu}}\) is a nuclear waste by-product with a half-life of \({\rm{24,000 y}}\). What fraction of the \({}^{239}{\rm{Pu}}\) present today will be present in \({\rm{1000 y}}\)?

Iodine that enters the body is stored in the thyroid gland from which it is released to control growth and metabolism. The thyroid can be imaged if iodine\({\rm{ - 131}}\)is injected into the body. In larger doses, I\({\rm{ - 133}}\)is also used as a means of treating cancer of the thyroid. I\({\rm{ - 131}}\)has a half-life of\({\rm{8}}{\rm{.70}}\)days and decays by\({\rm{\beta - }}\)emission. (a) Write an equation for the decay. (b) How long will it take for\({\rm{95}}{\rm{.0\% }}\)of a dose of I\({\rm{ - 131}}\)to decay?

Identify the subshell in which electrons with the following quantum numbers are found:

(a)n= 3,l= 2

(b)n= 1,l= 0

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(a)\(^{26}{\rm{Al}}\)decays by\({\beta ^ + }\)emission or electron capture. Write the equations for these two nuclear transformations.

(b) The earth was formed about\(4.7 \times {10^9}\)(4.7 billion) years ago. How old was the earth when\(99.999999\% \)of the\(^{26}{\rm{Al}}\)originally present had decayed?
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