Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 18: Q108 E (page 1048)

Explain why, at room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine is a solid.

Short Answer

Expert verified

Weak dispersion forces which grow down the group.

Step by step solution

01

Define Dispersion forces

The London or dispersion force is a transient attractive force that occurs when the electrons in two vicinal atoms acquire positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.

02

Step 2: At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine is a solid:

The reason for this effect is that the weak dispersion forces which act among the molecules grow down the group.

Forces among molecules are much weaker then the forces.
Another reason is that the higher the mass of atoms, the less volatile are its gas vapors.

In other words, the heavier the molecules are, it is harder for them to escaping the liquid (at certain temperature).

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Is the reaction of rubidium with water more or less vigorous than that of sodium? How does the rate of reaction of magnesium compare?

Describe the hybridization of phosphorus in each of the following compounds: \({{\rm{P}}_4}{{\rm{O}}_{10}},{{\rm{P}}_4}{{\rm{O}}_6},{\rm{P}}{{\rm{H}}_4}{\rm{I}}\) (an ionic compound), \({\rm{PB}}{{\rm{r}}_3},{{\rm{H}}_3}{\rm{P}}{{\rm{O}}_4},{{\rm{H}}_3}{\rm{P}}{{\rm{O}}_3},{\rm{P}}{{\rm{H}}_3}\) and\({{\rm{P}}_2}{{\rm{H}}_4}\). You may wish to review the chapter on advanced theories of covalent bonding.

Why does hydrogen not exhibit an oxidation state of -1 when bonded to nonmetals?

What mass, in grams, of hydrogen gas forms during the complete reaction of \({\bf{10}}.{\bf{01}}{\rm{ }}{\bf{g}}\) calcium with water?

Give the Lewis structure of each of the following:

\(\begin{array}{l}(a){\rm{S}}{{\rm{F}}_4}.\\(b){{\rm{K}}_2}{\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_4}.\\(c){\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_2}{\rm{C}}{{\rm{l}}_2}.\\(d){{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_3}.\\(e){\rm{S}}{{\rm{O}}_3}.\end{array}\)
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation

Physical Chemistry

Read Explanation

Making Measurements

Read Explanation

Kinetics

Read Explanation

Nuclear Chemistry

Read Explanation

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free