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Chapter 18: Q12E (page 1039)

What is tin pest, also known as tin disease?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Tin pest refers to a phenomenon where the element tin undergoes transformation and degrades the quality of tin objects at lower temperatures.

Step by step solution

01

Tin

Tin is one of the chemical elements that appear as a silvery metal. Its chemical symbol is Sn obtained from its Latin name,stannum.

Information about tin

02

Tin pest

Tin has two allotropes. White tin is stable above\({\bf{13}}{\bf{.}}{{\bf{2}}^{\bf{^\circ }}}{\bf{C}}\), and is malleable like other metals. Grey tin isa more stable allotrope below \({\bf{13}}{\bf{.}}{{\bf{2}}^{\bf{^\circ }}}{\bf{C}}\)and is brittle.

As temperature decreases and white tin changes to grey, it starts at one spot, and the transformation proceeds to spread like a disease. The name "tin disease" comes from this process.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Why does phosphorous acid form only two series of salts, even though the molecule contains three hydrogen atoms?

Phosphoric acid, one of the acids used in some cola drinks, is produced by the reaction of phosphorus (V) oxide, an acidic oxide, with water. Phosphorus (V) oxide is prepared by the combustion of phosphorus.

(a) Write the empirical formula of phosphorus (V) oxide.

(b) What is the molecular formula of phosphorus (V) oxide if the molar mass is about 280.

(c) Write balanced equations for the production of phosphorus (V) oxide and phosphoric acid.

(d) Determine the mass of phosphorus required to make \(1.00 \times {10^4}\;{\rm{kg}}\) of phosphoric acid, assuming a yield of 98.85%.

Illustrate the amphoteric nature of aluminum hydroxide by citing suitable equations.

Determine the oxidation number of each element in each of the following compounds:

(a) \({\bf{HCN}}\)

(b) \(O{F_2}\)

(c) \(AsC{l_3}\)

Describe the hybridization of phosphorus in each of the following compounds: \({{\rm{P}}_4}{{\rm{O}}_{10}},{{\rm{P}}_4}{{\rm{O}}_6},{\rm{P}}{{\rm{H}}_4}{\rm{I}}\) (an ionic compound), \({\rm{PB}}{{\rm{r}}_3},{{\rm{H}}_3}{\rm{P}}{{\rm{O}}_4},{{\rm{H}}_3}{\rm{P}}{{\rm{O}}_3},{\rm{P}}{{\rm{H}}_3}\) and\({{\rm{P}}_2}{{\rm{H}}_4}\). You may wish to review the chapter on advanced theories of covalent bonding.
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