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Chapter 18: Q49E (page 1043)

Arrange the following in order of increasing electronegativity: \({\bf{F}};{\rm{ }}{\bf{Cl}};{\rm{ }}{\bf{O}};\)and S.

Short Answer

Expert verified

The order of increasing electronegativity is \({\rm{S}} < {\rm{Cl}} < {\rm{O}} < {\rm{F}}\).

Step by step solution

01

Definition of electronegativity

Electronegativity is the tendency of atoms in an element to draw the participated brace of electrons towards itself. It principally denotes the net consequence of tittles' inclinations to attract bond-forming electrons.

02

Determine the order of increasing electronegativity

  • When the electronegativity of atoms is similar, an electron pair that they share is equally attracted by both atoms, making this covalent bond non-polar.
  • The difference in the electronegativity of anytwo atoms is less than 0.5. However, when two atoms differ in their electronegativity in more than \(0.5\)but up to\(1.7\), an electron pair is closer to the one with a higher value, so this covalent bond is known as polar.
  • When the difference in the electronegativity of atoms is greater than 2, the bond between them is considered ionic.
  • If the difference is in a range from \(1.7 - 2\) and nonmetals are included, then the bond is a polar covalent, but if a metal is a part of a molecule, the bond is found to be ionic.
  • Elements placed on the left lower part of the periodic table have the lowestvalues of electronegativity, while the ones onthe right upper portion have the highest values of electronegativity.

On the Pauling scale of electron affinities, we can see the measured electronegativity of elements: \({\rm{F: 3}}{\rm{.98, Cl: 3}}{\rm{.16, O: 3}}{\rm{.44\;, S: 2}}{\rm{.58}}{\rm{.}}\)

Thus, the increasing order would be: \({\rm{S}} < {\rm{Cl}} < {\rm{O}} < {\rm{F}}\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

A hydride of silicon prepared by the reaction of \({\rm{M}}{{\rm{g}}_2}{\rm{Si}}\) with acid exerted a pressure of 306 torr at \({26^\circ }{\rm{C}}v\)in a bulb with a volume of\(57.0\;{\rm{mL}}\). If the mass of the hydride was\(0.0861\;{\rm{g}}\), what is its molecular mass? What is the molecular formula for the hydride?

Carbon forms a number of allotropes, two of which are graphite and diamond. Silicon has a diamond structure. Why is there no allotrope of silicon with a graphite structure?

Magnesium is an active metal; it burns in the form of powder, ribbons, and filaments to provide flashes of brilliant light. Why is it possible to use magnesium in construction?

What mass of \(Ca{H_2}\) is necessary to react with water to provide enough hydrogen gas to fill a balloon at 20 °C and 0.8 atm pressure with a volume of 4.5 L? The balanced equation is:

\(Ca{H_2}\left( s \right) + 2{H_2}O\left( l \right) \to Ca{\left( {OH} \right)_2}\left( {aq} \right) + 2{H_2}\left( g \right)\)

The reaction of quicklime,\({\rm{CaO}}\), with water produces slaked lime, \({\rm{Ca}}{({\rm{OH}})_2}\), which is widely used in the construction industry to make mortar and plaster. The reaction of quicklime and water is highly exothermic: \({\rm{CaO}}(s) + {{\rm{H}}_2}{\rm{O}}(l) \to {\rm{Ca}}{({\rm{OH}})_2}(s)\;\;\;\Delta H = - 350\;{\rm{kJ}}\;{\rm{mo}}{{\rm{l}}^{ - 1}}\)

(a) What is the enthalpy of reaction per gram of quicklime that reacts?

(b) How much heat, in kilojoules, is associated with the production of 1 ton of slaked lime?
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