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Chapter 11: Q11.4-29E (page 647)

A solution of potassium nitrate, an electrolyte, and a solution of Glycerine\(\left( {{{\bf{C}}_{\bf{3}}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{5}}}{{\left( {{\bf{OH}}} \right)}_{\bf{3}}}} \right)\), a nonelectrolyte, both boil at 100.3 °C. What other physical properties of the two solutions are identical?

Short Answer

Expert verified

Vapour pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, freezing point depression of potassium nitrate, an electrolyte and a solution of glycerine, and a non-electrolyte solution are such physical properties that are identical to the two solutions.

Step by step solution

01

Electrolyte and Non- Electrolyte

Electrolytes are salts or molecules that ionize completely in the solution. Because of this, electrolyte solutions carry electricity easily.

Non-electrolytes do not dissociate into ions in solution; therefore, non-electrolyte solutions do not conduct electricity.

02

Colligative Properties

Colligative properties depend upon the number of moles ofsolute in a given solvent in other words we can say it depends upon the concentration of the solution. The properties such asvapor pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, and freezing point depressiondepend upon the concentration of the solution. As the solute in the solvent increases, the colligative properties decrease.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

When \({\bf{KN}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}\) is dissolved in water, the resulting solution is significantly colder than the water was originally.

  1. Is the dissolution of \({\bf{KN}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}\) an endothermic or an exothermic process?
  2. What conclusions can you draw about the intermolecular attractions involved in the process?
  3. Is the resulting solution an ideal solution?

Predict whether each of the following substances would be more soluble in water (polar solvent) or in a hydrocarbon such as heptane(\({{\bf{C}}_{\bf{7}}}{{\bf{H}}_{{\bf{16}}}}\), nonpolar solvent):

  1. Vegetable oil (nonpolar)
  2. Isopropyl alcohol (polar)
  3. Potassium bromide (ionic)

Calculate the mole fraction of each solute and solvent:

  1. 0.710 kg of sodium carbonate (washing soda), \({\bf{N}}{{\bf{a}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{C}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}\), in 10.0 kg of water—a saturated solution at 0 °C
  2. 125 g of \({\bf{N}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{4}}}{\bf{N}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{3}}}\)in 275 g of water—a mixture used to make an instant ice pack
  3. 25 g of \({\bf{C}}{{\bf{l}}_{\bf{2}}}\)in 125 g of dichloromethane, \({\bf{C}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{2}}}{\bf{C}}{{\bf{l}}_{\bf{2}}}\)
  4. 0.372 g of histamine, \({{\bf{C}}_{\bf{5}}}{{\bf{H}}_{\bf{9}}}{\bf{N}}\), in 125 g of chloroform, \({\bf{CHC}}{{\bf{l}}_{\bf{3}}}\).

What is the molality of phosphoric acid, \({{\bf{H}}_{\bf{3}}}{\bf{P}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{4}}}\), in a solution of 14.5 g of \({{\bf{H}}_{\bf{3}}}{\bf{P}}{{\bf{O}}_{\bf{4}}}\)in 125 g of water?

  1. Outline the steps necessary to answer the question.
  2. Answer the question.

A sample of\({\bf{HgCl}}2\)weighing 9.41 g is dissolved in 32.75 g of ethanol,\({\bf{C}}2{\bf{H}}5{\bf{OH}}\)(\({\bf{Kb}}\)= 1.20 °C/m). The boiling point elevation of the solution is 1.27 °C. Is\({\bf{HgC}}{{\bf{l}}_{\bf{2}}}\)an electrolyte in ethanol? Show your calculations.
See all solutions

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