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Chapter 4: Q23E (page 218)

Complete and balance each of the following oxidation-reduction reactions,such that it results in the highest possible oxidation state for the oxidized atoms.

(a) \(Al\left( s \right) + {F_2}\left( g \right) \to \)

(b) \(Al\left( s \right) + CuB{r_2}\left( {aq} \right) \to \) (single displacement)

(c) \({P_4}\left( s \right) + {O_2}\left( g \right) \to \)

(d) \(Ca\left( s \right) + {H_2}O\left( l \right) \to \) (products are a strong base and a diatomic gas)

Short Answer

Expert verified

(a) \(2Al\left( s \right) + 3{F_2}\left( g \right) \to 2Al{F_3}\left( s \right)\)

(b) \(2Al\left( s \right) + 3CuB{r_2}\left( {aq} \right) \to 2AlB{r_3}\left( {aq} \right) + 3Cu\left( s \right)\)

(c) \({P_4}\left( s \right) + 5{O_2}\left( g \right) \to {P_4}{O_{10}}\left( s \right)\)

(d) \(Ca\left( s \right) + 2{H_2}O\left( l \right) \to Ca{\left( {OH} \right)_2}\left( s \right) + {H_2}\left( g \right)\).

Step by step solution

01

Formation of aluminium fluoride(a)

\(2Al\left( s \right) + 3{F_2}\left( g \right) \to 2Al{F_3}\left( s \right)\)

Aluminium is oxidised from 0 to +3 state and fluorine is reduced from 0 to -1 state.

02

Formation of aluminium bromide(b)

\(2Al\left( s \right) + 3CuB{r_2}\left( {aq} \right) \to 2AlB{r_3}\left( {aq} \right) + 3Cu\left( s \right)\)

Aluminium is oxidised from 0 to +3 state and copper is reduced from +2 to 0 state.

03

Formation of phosphorous pentoxide(c)

\({P_4}\left( s \right) + 5{O_2}\left( g \right) \to {P_4}{O_{10}}\left( s \right)\)

Phosphorus is oxidised from 0 to +4 state and oxygen is reduced from 0 to -2 state.

04

Formation of calcium hydroxide(d)

\(Ca\left( s \right) + 2{H_2}O\left( l \right) \to Ca{\left( {OH} \right)_2}\left( s \right) + {H_2}\left( g \right)\)

Calcium is oxidised from 0 to +2 state and hydrogen reduced from +1 to 0 state.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

What mass of Ca(OH)2 will react with 25.0 g of propionic acid to form the preservative calcium propionate according to the equation?

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In a laboratory experiment, the reaction of 3.0 mol of\({H_2}\)with 2.0 mol of\({I_2}\)produced 1.0 mol of HI. Determine the theoretical yield in grams and the percent yield for this reaction.

Outline the steps needed to solve the following problem, then do the calculations. Ether,\({\left( {{C_2}{H_5}} \right)_2}O\), which was originally used as an anesthetic but has been replaced by safer and more effective medications, is prepared by the reaction of ethanol with sulfuric acid.\(2{C_2}{H_5}OH + {H_2}S{O_4} \to \left( {{C_2}{H_5}} \right)2O + {H_2}S{O_4} \cdot {H_2}O\)What is the percent yield of ether if 1.17 L (d = 0.7134 g/mL) is isolated from the reaction of 1.500 L of C2H5OH (d = 0.7894 g/mL)?

How many milliliters of a 0.1500-M solution of KOH will be required to titrate 40.00 mL of a 0.0656-M solution of H3PO4?

\({{\rm{H}}_3}{\rm{P}}{{\rm{O}}_{4({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{ + 2KO}}{{\rm{H}}_{({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{ }} \to {\rm{ }}{{\rm{K}}_2}{\rm{HP}}{{\rm{O}}_{4({\rm{aq}})}}{\rm{ + 2}}{{\rm{H}}_2}{{\rm{O}}_{({\rm{l}})}}\)
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