Experimental data are listed for the hypothetical reaction $$\mathrm{x} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Y}+\mathrm{Z}$$ $$\begin{array}{lcccccc}\hline \text { Time (s) } & 0 & 10 & 20 & 30 & 40 & 50 \\\ {[\mathrm{X}]} & 0.0038 & 0.0028 & 0.0021 & 0.0016 & 0.0012 & 0.00087 \\\\\hline\end{array}$$ (a) Plot these data as in Figure \(11.2 .\) (b) Draw a tangent to the curve to find the instantaneous rate at \(40 \mathrm{~s}\). (c) Find the average rate over the 10 to 50 s interval. (d) Compare the instantaneous rate at \(40 \mathrm{~s}\) with the average rate over the \(40-\mathrm{s}\) interval.

Question: Compare the instantaneous rate at 40 seconds with the average rate over the 40 seconds interval in the given reaction, and discuss their differences in the context of the reaction. Answer: The instantaneous rate at 40 seconds represents the rate of decrease in concentration of reactant X at that specific moment in time. On the other hand, the average rate over the 40 seconds interval represents the overall rate of decrease in concentration of reactant X over the entire interval. The instantaneous rate may differ from the average rate, as the reaction rate could vary at different time points throughout the interval. Comparing these two rates can help us understand changes in reaction rate and kinetic behavior over the given time period.