Consider a cell in which the reaction is $$ 2 \mathrm{Ag}(s)+\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(a q) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{Ag}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cu}(s) $$ (a) Calculate \(E^{\circ}\) for this cell. (b) Chloride ions are added to the \(\mathrm{Ag} \mid \mathrm{Ag}^{+}\) half- cell to precipitate \(\mathrm{AgCl}\). The measured voltage is \(+0.060 \mathrm{~V}\). Taking \(\left[\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\right]=1.0 \mathrm{M}\), calculate \(\left[\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\right]\). (c) Taking \(\left[\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\right]\) in \((\mathrm{b})\) to be \(0.10 M\), calculate \(K_{\text {sp }}\) of \(\mathrm{AgCl}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
Question: Calculate the standard cell potential, concentration of Ag+, and solubility product of AgCl for the given redox reaction. Answer: a) The standard cell potential, \(E^{\circ}\), can be calculated using the equation \(E^{\circ}_{\text{cell}} = E^{\circ}_{\mathrm{Ag/A{g}^{+}}} - E^{\circ}_{\mathrm{Cu/Cu^{2+}}} = 0.800\mathrm{V} - 0.337\mathrm{V}\). b) To find the concentration of \(\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\), use the Nernst equation and given values: \(0.060\mathrm{~V} = (0.800\mathrm{V} - 0.337\mathrm{V}) - \frac{0.0592\mathrm{V}}{2} * \log_{10}\left(\frac{[\mathrm{Ag}^{+}]^2}{[\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}]}\right)\). c) The solubility product (\(K_{\text{sp}}\)) of AgCl can be calculated using the equation \(K_{\text{sp}} = [\mathrm{Ag}^{+}][\mathrm{Cl}^{-}]\) with the obtained value for \([\mathrm{Ag}^{+}]\) and given concentration of \([\mathrm{Cl}^{-}] = 0.10\,\mathrm{M}\).

Step by step solution

01

a) Standard Cell Potential, \(E^{\circ}\)

We first need to determine the reduction potentials of the species involved. We can find these values in a table of standard reduction potentials. For Ag: \(\mathrm{Ag}^{+}(aq) + e^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Ag}(s) \qquad E^{\circ}_{\mathrm{Ag/A{g}^{+}}}=0.800\mathrm{V}\) For Cu: \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(aq) + 2e^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(s) \qquad E^{\circ}_{\mathrm{Cu/Cu^{2+}}}=0.337\mathrm{V}\) Now we can calculate the standard cell potential, \(E^{\circ}\), for the overall reaction. It is given by: \(E^{\circ}_{cell} = E^{\circ}_{\text{reduction}} - E^{\circ}_{\text{oxidation}}\) In this case, the Ag gets reduced and the Cu gets oxidized. So, we obtain: \(E^{\circ}_{\text{cell}} = E^{\circ}_{\mathrm{Ag/A{g}^{+}}} - E^{\circ}_{\mathrm{Cu/Cu^{2+}}} = 0.800\mathrm{V} - 0.337\mathrm{V}\)
02

b) Concentration of \(\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\)

Since the measured voltage is \(+0.060\mathrm{~V}\) and the concentration of \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) is \(1.0\mathrm{M}\), we can use the Nernst equation to calculate the concentration of \(\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\): \(E_{cell} = E^{\circ}_{cell} - \frac{0.0592\mathrm{V}}{n} * \log_{10}\left(\frac{[\mathrm{Ag}^{+}]^2}{[\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}]}\right)\) We have the cell potential \(E_{cell} = 0.060\mathrm{~V}\), \(n=2\) since there are two electrons transferred in the reaction, and \([\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}]=1.0\mathrm{M}\). We can solve for \([\mathrm{Ag}^{+}]\): \(0.060\mathrm{~V} = (0.800\mathrm{V} - 0.337\mathrm{V}) - \frac{0.0592\mathrm{V}}{2} * \log_{10}\left(\frac{[\mathrm{Ag}^{+}]^2}{[\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}]}\right)\)
03

c) Solubility Product \(K_{\text{sp}}\) of \(\mathrm{AgCl}\)

With the concentrations of \(\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\), we can now calculate the solubility product constant \(K_{\text{sp}}\) for \(\mathrm{AgCl}\): \(K_{\text{sp}} = [\mathrm{Ag}^{+}][\mathrm{Cl}^{-}]\) Since \([\mathrm{Cl}^{-}] = 0.10\,\mathrm{M}\), we can calculate \(K_{\text{sp}}\) using the calculated \([\mathrm{Ag}^{+}]\) from the previous step.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

In biological systems, acetate ion is converted to ethyl alcohol in a two- step process: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}^{-}(a q)+3 \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)+2 e^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHO}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) \(E^{o \prime}=-0.581 \mathrm{~V}\) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CHO}(a q)+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)+2 e^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}(a q) \quad E^{o \prime}=-0.197 \mathrm{~V}\) \(\left(E^{\circ \prime}\right.\) is the standard reduction voltage at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{pH}\) of \(7.00 .\) ) (a) Calculate \(\Delta G^{\circ \prime}\) for each step and for the overall conversion. (b) Calculate \(E^{\circ \prime}\) for the overall conversion.

Which of the following reactions is (are) spontaneous at standard conditions? (a) \(\mathrm{Zn}(s)+2 \mathrm{Fe}^{3+}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Zn}^{2+}(a q)+2 \mathrm{Fe}^{2+}(a q)\) (b) \(\mathrm{Cu}(s)+2 \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\) (c) \(2 \mathrm{Br}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{I}_{2}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Br}_{2}(l)+2 \mathrm{I}^{-}(a q)\)

In a nickel-cadmium battery (Nicad), cadmium is oxidized to \(\mathrm{Cd}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) at the anode, while \(\mathrm{Ni}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) is reduced to \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{OH})_{2}\) at the cathode. A portable CD player uses \(0.175\) amp of current. How many grams of \(\mathrm{Cd}\) and \(\mathrm{Ni}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}\) are consumed when the CD player is used for an hour and a half?

A solution containing a metal ion \(\left(\mathrm{M}^{3+}(a q)\right)\) is electrolyzed by a current of \(5.0 \mathrm{~A}\). After \(10.0\) minutes, \(1.19 \mathrm{~g}\) of the metal is plated out. (a) How many coulombs are supplied by the battery? (b) What is the metal? (Assume \(100 \%\) efficiency.)

Consider a salt bridge cell in which the anode is a manganese rod immersed in an aqueous solution of manganese(II) sulfate. The cathode is a chromium strip immersed in an aqueous solution of chromium(III) sulfate. Sketch a diagram of the cell, indicating the flow of the current throughout. Write the half- equations for the electrode reactions, the overall equation, and the abbreviated notation for the cell.

See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free