Consider a cell in which the reaction is $$ 2 \mathrm{Ag}(s)+\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(a q) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{Ag}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{Cu}(s) $$ (a) Calculate \(E^{\circ}\) for this cell. (b) Chloride ions are added to the \(\mathrm{Ag} \mid \mathrm{Ag}^{+}\) half- cell to precipitate \(\mathrm{AgCl}\). The measured voltage is \(+0.060 \mathrm{~V}\). Taking \(\left[\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\right]=1.0 \mathrm{M}\), calculate \(\left[\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\right]\). (c) Taking \(\left[\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\right]\) in \((\mathrm{b})\) to be \(0.10 M\), calculate \(K_{\text {sp }}\) of \(\mathrm{AgCl}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
Question: Calculate the standard cell potential, concentration of Ag+, and solubility product of AgCl for the given redox reaction. Answer: a) The standard cell potential, \(E^{\circ}\), can be calculated using the equation \(E^{\circ}_{\text{cell}} = E^{\circ}_{\mathrm{Ag/A{g}^{+}}} - E^{\circ}_{\mathrm{Cu/Cu^{2+}}} = 0.800\mathrm{V} - 0.337\mathrm{V}\). b) To find the concentration of \(\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\), use the Nernst equation and given values: \(0.060\mathrm{~V} = (0.800\mathrm{V} - 0.337\mathrm{V}) - \frac{0.0592\mathrm{V}}{2} * \log_{10}\left(\frac{[\mathrm{Ag}^{+}]^2}{[\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}]}\right)\). c) The solubility product (\(K_{\text{sp}}\)) of AgCl can be calculated using the equation \(K_{\text{sp}} = [\mathrm{Ag}^{+}][\mathrm{Cl}^{-}]\) with the obtained value for \([\mathrm{Ag}^{+}]\) and given concentration of \([\mathrm{Cl}^{-}] = 0.10\,\mathrm{M}\).

Step by step solution

01

a) Standard Cell Potential, \(E^{\circ}\)

We first need to determine the reduction potentials of the species involved. We can find these values in a table of standard reduction potentials. For Ag: \(\mathrm{Ag}^{+}(aq) + e^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Ag}(s) \qquad E^{\circ}_{\mathrm{Ag/A{g}^{+}}}=0.800\mathrm{V}\) For Cu: \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}(aq) + 2e^{-} \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cu}(s) \qquad E^{\circ}_{\mathrm{Cu/Cu^{2+}}}=0.337\mathrm{V}\) Now we can calculate the standard cell potential, \(E^{\circ}\), for the overall reaction. It is given by: \(E^{\circ}_{cell} = E^{\circ}_{\text{reduction}} - E^{\circ}_{\text{oxidation}}\) In this case, the Ag gets reduced and the Cu gets oxidized. So, we obtain: \(E^{\circ}_{\text{cell}} = E^{\circ}_{\mathrm{Ag/A{g}^{+}}} - E^{\circ}_{\mathrm{Cu/Cu^{2+}}} = 0.800\mathrm{V} - 0.337\mathrm{V}\)
02

b) Concentration of \(\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\)

Since the measured voltage is \(+0.060\mathrm{~V}\) and the concentration of \(\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}\) is \(1.0\mathrm{M}\), we can use the Nernst equation to calculate the concentration of \(\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\): \(E_{cell} = E^{\circ}_{cell} - \frac{0.0592\mathrm{V}}{n} * \log_{10}\left(\frac{[\mathrm{Ag}^{+}]^2}{[\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}]}\right)\) We have the cell potential \(E_{cell} = 0.060\mathrm{~V}\), \(n=2\) since there are two electrons transferred in the reaction, and \([\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}]=1.0\mathrm{M}\). We can solve for \([\mathrm{Ag}^{+}]\): \(0.060\mathrm{~V} = (0.800\mathrm{V} - 0.337\mathrm{V}) - \frac{0.0592\mathrm{V}}{2} * \log_{10}\left(\frac{[\mathrm{Ag}^{+}]^2}{[\mathrm{Cu}^{2+}]}\right)\)
03

c) Solubility Product \(K_{\text{sp}}\) of \(\mathrm{AgCl}\)

With the concentrations of \(\mathrm{Ag}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}^{-}\), we can now calculate the solubility product constant \(K_{\text{sp}}\) for \(\mathrm{AgCl}\): \(K_{\text{sp}} = [\mathrm{Ag}^{+}][\mathrm{Cl}^{-}]\) Since \([\mathrm{Cl}^{-}] = 0.10\,\mathrm{M}\), we can calculate \(K_{\text{sp}}\) using the calculated \([\mathrm{Ag}^{+}]\) from the previous step.

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