Give the symbols for (a) potassium (b) cadmium (c) aluminum (d) antimony (e) phosphorus

The periodic table is the roadmap of chemistry, cataloguing elements in a systematic array based on their atomic number, electron configurations, and recurring chemical properties. In essence, it is a tabular display where all known chemical elements are arranged. Elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number, which is the number of protons in an atom's nucleus, and are organized into rows called periods and columns known as groups or families.

Elements within the same column share similar characteristics, such as valency and the tendency to engage in certain types of chemical reactions. The layout of the periodic table also highlights periodic trends, such as electronegativity, ionization energy, and atomic radius, which can help predict an element's properties and its behavior during chemical reactions. Understanding the periodic table is crucial for anyone studying chemistry as it provides an invaluable framework for organizing chemical information.

Chemical symbols are shorthand notations used to identify elements and are made up of one or two letters derived from either the element's English name or its Latin or Greek name. For instance, the chemical symbol for hydrogen is 'H', which reflects its English name, while the symbol for sodium, 'Na', is derived from the Latin 'Natrium'.

These symbols serve as a universal language for scientists around the world, allowing them to communicate information succinctly and accurately. A single letter symbol is always capitalized, while a two-letter symbol has only the first letter capitalized. It is essential to use the correct symbols and formatting to avoid confusion, especially when dealing with similar sounding elements or when conducting precise scientific work. Misuse of symbols can lead to misunderstandings and potential errors in research and academic studies.

In chemistry, each chemical element is assigned a unique name. The names can be derived from various sources, such as mythology (e.g., Thorium from Thor), geographic regions (e.g., Europium for Europe), and the names of scientists (e.g., Curium after Marie and Pierre Curie). Historically, newly discovered elements were named by their discoverer or sometimes had a name proposed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

Understanding the origin of the element names can enrich a student's appreciation for the history and cultural aspects of science. When learning chemistry, knowing the names of elements, not just their symbols, can be particularly helpful for memorizing them and understanding etymological reasons for their associated symbols. Element names can also give clues about the properties of the elements, such as the noble gases ending in '-on' or metals that often end in '-ium'.