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Chapter 2: Problem 25

Given the following condensed formulas, write the molecular formulas for the following molecules. (a) dimethylamine \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\right)_{2} \mathrm{NH}\) (b) propyl alcohol \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) 26\. Write the condensed structural formulas and molecular formulas

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: The molecular formula of dimethylamine is C₂H₇N, and the molecular formula of propyl alcohol is C₃H₈O.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the atoms and the number of each atom present in the condensed formula.

For dimethylamine, the condensed formula is \((\mathrm{CH}_{3})_{2}\mathrm{NH}\). We can identify that there are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and nitrogen (N) atoms present in the condensed formula.
02

Determine the number of each atom present from the condensed formula.

In the condensed formula, there are two "CH3" groups. Each CH3 group has 1 carbon atom and 3 hydrogen atoms. Also, there is one NH group, consisting of 1 nitrogen atom and 1 hydrogen atom.
03

Add the number of each atom to find the molecular formula.

We have two CH3 groups, so the total number of carbons is \(2\times 1=2\) and the total number of hydrogens from these two groups is \(2\times 3=6\). Then, we have 1 nitrogen atom and 1 hydrogen atom from the NH group. Finally, we can get the molecular formula by combining the total number of each atom: \(\mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_7\mathrm{N}\). The molecular formula of dimethylamine is \(\mathrm{C}_2\mathrm{H}_7\mathrm{N}\). #b) Propyl Alcohol#
04

Identify the atoms and the number of each atom present in the condensed formula.

For propyl alcohol, the condensed formula is \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}(\mathrm{CH}_{2})_{2}\mathrm{OH}\). We can identify that there are carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms present in the condensed formula.
05

Determine the number of each atom present from the condensed formula.

In the condensed formula, we have one CH3 group with 1 carbon atom and 3 hydrogen atoms, two CH2 groups with 1 carbon atom and 2 hydrogen atoms each, and one OH group with 1 oxygen atom and 1 hydrogen atom.
06

Add the number of each atom to find the molecular formula.

We have 1 carbon atom and 3 hydrogen atoms from the CH3 group, and 2\(\times\)1=2 carbon atoms and 2\(\times\)2=4 hydrogen atoms from the two CH2 groups. Also, we have 1 oxygen atom and 1 hydrogen atom from the OH group. Adding these together, we have C(1+2)=C3, H(3+4+1)=H8, and O1. Thus, the molecular formula is \(\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{H}_8\mathrm{O}\). The molecular formula of propyl alcohol is \(\mathrm{C}_3\mathrm{H}_8\mathrm{O}\).

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