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Chapter 2: Problem 33
Write the formulas for the following molecules. (a) methane (b) carbon tetraiodide (c) hydrogen peroxide (d) nitrogen oxide (e) silicon dioxide
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Two basic laws of chemistry are the law of conservation of mass and the law of constant composition. Which of these laws (if any) do the following statements illustrate? (a) Lavoisier found that when mercury(II) oxide, \(\mathrm{HgO}\), decomposes, the total mass of mercury(Hg) and oxygen formed equals the mass of mercury(II) oxide decomposed. (b) Analysis of the calcium carbonate found in the marble mined in Carrara, Italy, and in the stalactites of the Carlsbad Caverns in New Mexico gives the same value for the percentage of calcium in calcium carbonate. (c) Hydrogen occurs as a mixture of two isotopes, one of which is twice as heavy as the other.
Mercury(II) oxide, a red powder, can be decomposed by heating to produce liquid mercury and oxygen gas. When a sample of this compound is decomposed, \(3.87 \mathrm{~g}\) of oxygen and \(48.43 \mathrm{~g}\) of mercury are produced. \(\operatorname{In}\) a second experiment, \(15.68 \mathrm{~g}\) of mercury is allowed to react with an excess of oxygen and \(16.93 \mathrm{~g}\) of red mercury(II) oxide is produced. Show that these results are consistent with the law of constant composition.
Selenium-75 is used in the diagnosis of disorders related to the pan- creas. How many (a) protons are in its nucleus? (b) neutrons are in its nucleus? (c) electrons are in a selenium atom?
Radon is a radioactive gas that can cause lung cancer. It has been detected in the basements of some homes. How many protons are there in a Rn-220 atom? How many neutrons?
A student saw the following nuclear symbol for an unknown element: \({ }_{11}^{33} \mathrm{X} .\) Which of the following statements about \(\mathrm{X}\) and \({ }_{11}^{23} \mathrm{X}\) are true? (a) \(\mathrm{X}\) is sodium. (b) \(\mathrm{X}\) is vanadium. (c) \(\mathrm{X}\) has 23 neutrons in its nucleus. (d) \(\mathrm{X}^{2+}\) has 13 electrons. (e) \({ }_{11}^{23} \mathrm{X}\) has a proton/neutron ratio of about \(1.1\).
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