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Chapter 2: Problem 49

Hydrogen- 1 can take the form of a molecule, an anion \(\left(\mathrm{H}^{-}\right)\), or a cation \(\left(\mathrm{H}^{+}\right)\). (a) How many protons, electrons, and neutrons are in each possible species? (b) Write the name and formula for the compound formed between hydrogen and a metal in Group 2 with 12 protons. (c) What is the general name of the aqueous compounds in which hydrogen is a cation?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: In a hydrogen molecule (H2), each hydrogen atom has 1 proton, 1 electron, and no neutrons. In a hydrogen anion (H-), there is 1 proton, 2 electrons, and no neutrons. In a hydrogen cation (H+), there is 1 proton, 0 electrons, and no neutrons. The compound formed between hydrogen and the Group 2 metal with 12 protons (magnesium) is magnesium hydride (MgH2). The general name for aqueous compounds with hydrogen as a cation is "acid."

Step by step solution

01

(a) Identifying protons, electrons, and neutrons in different hydrogen species

First, we need to examine each species of hydrogen given in the exercise: the molecule, anion, and cation. 1. Molecule: A hydrogen molecule is denoted as H2, which consists of two hydrogen atoms. A single hydrogen atom contains 1 proton, 1 electron, and no neutrons. 2. Anion: A hydrogen anion (H-) has gained an additional electron, making it negatively charged. Thus, it has 1 proton, 2 electrons, and no neutrons. 3. Cation: A hydrogen cation (H+) has lost an electron, making it positively charged. It has 1 proton, 0 electrons, and no neutrons.
02

(b) Finding the compound formed between hydrogen and a Group 2 metal

The metal in Group 2 with 12 protons is magnesium (Mg). When hydrogen forms a compound with a metal, it forms hydrides. In this case, the compound is a magnesium hydride. Since magnesium has a +2 charge, we need two hydrogen anions to balance the charge. Thus, the formula for the compound is MgH2, and the name is magnesium hydride.
03

(c) General name of aqueous compounds with hydrogen as a cation

When hydrogen is a cation in an aqueous compound, it is called a hydronium ion (H3O+). The general name for the aqueous compounds containing hydronium ions is "acid." Examples of such compounds include hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4), where hydrogen acts as the cation in the compound.

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