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Chapter 20: Problem 14

Give the formula and name of the compound formed by potassium with (a) nitrogen (b) iodine (c) water (d) hydrogen (e) sulfur

Short Answer

Expert verified
Question: Determine the chemical formula and names of compounds formed when potassium reacts with nitrogen, iodine, water, hydrogen, and sulfur. Answer: The compounds formed are: (a) K₃N - Potassium nitride (b) KI - Potassium iodide (c) KOH - Potassium hydroxide (formed through the reaction with water) (d) KH - Potassium hydride (e) K₂S - Potassium sulfide

Step by step solution

01

(a) Potassium and Nitrogen

Potassium (K) has 1 valence electron and tends to lose that electron to achieve a stable configuration, resulting in a +1 charge (K+). Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons and tends to gain 3 electrons to achieve a stable configuration, leading to a -3 charge (N³⁻). In a compound, charges must cancel each other, so we need 3 potassium ions (K⁺) and 1 nitrogen ion (N³⁻) to balance the charges. Thus, the chemical formula is K₃N, and the name of the compound is potassium nitride.
02

(b) Potassium and Iodine

Potassium (K) has a +1 charge (K⁺), and Iodine (I) has 7 valence electrons and tends to gain 1 electron to achieve a stable configuration, leading to a -1 charge (I⁻). Since the charges already balance each other, the compound is formed by one potassium ion (K⁺) and one iodine ion (I⁻). The chemical formula is KI, and the name of the compound is potassium iodide.
03

(c) Potassium and Water

Water (H₂O) is a neutral molecule and does not directly form an ionic compound with potassium. Instead, potassium reacts with water to produce potassium hydroxide and hydrogen gas. The chemical equation for this reaction is: 2K(s) + 2H₂O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H₂(g) Potassium hydroxide is the compound formed in this reaction, and its formula is KOH.
04

(d) Potassium and Hydrogen

Potassium has a +1 charge (K⁺), and hydrogen has 1 valence electron which it can lose to achieve a stable configuration, leading to a +1 charge (H⁺). However, hydrogen can also exist as hydride ion (H⁻) when it gains an electron. Potassium and hydrogen can form a compound called potassium hydride, consisting of potassium ions (K⁺) and hydride ions (H⁻). The chemical formula is KH, and the name of the compound is potassium hydride.
05

(e) Potassium and Sulfur

Potassium (K) has a +1 charge (K⁺). Sulfur (S) has 6 valence electrons and tends to gain 2 electrons to achieve a stable configuration, leading to a -2 charge (S²⁻). In a compound, charges must balance each other, so we need 2 potassium ions (K⁺) and 1 sulfur ion (S²⁻). Thus, the chemical formula is K₂S, and the name of the compound is potassium sulfide.

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