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Chapter 22: Problem 37

Draw structures for all the alcohols with molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}\).

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: There are 7 unique structures of alcohols with the given molecular formula, which are: 1. 1-pentanol 2. 1-butanol 3. 2-butanol 4. 1-propanol 5. 2-propanol 6. Ethanol 7. Methanol

Step by step solution

01

Determine the number of carbon atoms

The molecular formula contains 5 carbon atoms, so we will create structures with carbon chains of length 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1, and arrange the -OH group and the remaining hydrogen atoms in different ways to create distinct alcohols.
02

Draw structures with a 5-carbon chain

There is only one way to place the -OH group on a 5-carbon chain. The structure will be a linear chain of 5 carbons, with each carbon (except the ones with the hydroxyl group) having 3 hydrogen atoms, and the hydroxyl group on one of the carbons: 1. 1-pentanol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{OH}\)
03

Draw structures with a 4-carbon chain

When the carbon chain has 4 carbons, there are two distinct locations for the -OH group to create different isomers: 1. 1-butanol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{OH}\) 2. 2-butanol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{OH})\mathrm{CH}_{3}\)
04

Draw structures with a 3-carbon chain

When the carbon chain has 3 carbons, there are two ways to create isomers with an -OH group: 1. 1-propanol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{OH}\) 2. 2-propanol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{OH})\mathrm{CH}_{3}\)
05

Draw structures with a 2-carbon chain

When the carbon chain has 2 carbons, there is only one possible alcohol: 1. Ethanol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{CH}_{2}\mathrm{OH}\)
06

Draw structures with a 1-carbon chain

When the carbon chain has only 1 carbon, there is also only one possible alcohol: 1. Methanol: \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}\mathrm{OH}\) The final list of unique structures for alcohols with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}\) are: 1. 1-pentanol 2. 1-butanol 3. 2-butanol 4. 1-propanol 5. 2-propanol 6. Ethanol 7. Methanol

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Explain what is meant by the following. (a) a saturated fat (b) a soap (c) the "proof \(^{n}\) of an alcoholic beverage (d) denatured alcohol

When aniline, \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\left(K_{\mathrm{b}}=7.4 \times 10^{-10}\right)\), reacts with a strong acid, its conjugate acid, \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}_{3}{ }^{+}\), is formed. Calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of a \(0.100 \mathrm{M}\) solution of \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}_{3}{ }^{+}\) and compare it with the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of acetic acid \(\left(K_{\mathrm{a}}=\right.\) \(\left.1.86 \times 10^{-5}\right)\)

Writean equation for the reaction of chloroaceticacid \(\left(K_{\mathrm{a}}=1.5 \times 10^{-3}\right)\) with trimethylamine \(\left(K_{\mathrm{b}}=5.9 \times 10^{-5}\right) .\) Calculate the equilibrium constant for the reaction. If \(0.10 M\) solutions of these two species are mixed, what will be their concentrations at equilibrium?

Write the structural formula of the ester formed by methyl alcohol with (a) formic acid. (b) acetic acid. (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\left(\mathrm{CH}_{2}\right)_{6}-\mathrm{COOH}\).

The \(K_{\mathrm{b}}\) for ethylamine \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\right)\) is \(4.3 \times 10^{-4}\). What is the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of a \(0.250 \mathrm{M}\) solution of ethylamine? Compare with the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of a \(0.250 \mathrm{M}\) solution of ammonia \(\left(K_{b}=1.86 \times 10^{-5}\right)\).
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