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Chapter 22: Problem 41

Maleic acid and fumaric acid are the \(c i s\) - and trans- isomers, respectively, of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{COOH})_{2}\), a dicarboxylic acid. Draw and label their structures.

Short Answer

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Question: Draw and label the structures of maleic acid and fumaric acid, which are the cis- and trans- isomers of C2H2(COOH)2. Answer: Maleic acid (cis-isomer): O || O=C-C=O | OH Fumaric acid (trans-isomer): O || O=C-C=O | OH

Step by step solution

01

Understanding isomers

Isomers are molecules that have the same chemical formula but a different atomic arrangement. In the case of maleic and fumaric acids, they are both C2H2(COOH)2, but they differ in their spatial arrangement. Cis-isomers have the similar groups on the same side of the double bond, while trans-isomers have similar groups on opposite sides of the double bond.
02

Draw the structure of maleic acid

Maleic acid is the cis-isomer of C2H2(COOH)2. To draw its structure, start with a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C). Place one carboxylic acid group (COOH) at the end of each carbon atom in the double bond. Since it is a cis-isomer, the groups will be on the same side of the double bond. Here's the structure: O || O=C-C=O | OH
03

Draw the structure of fumaric acid

Fumaric acid is the trans-isomer of C2H2(COOH)2. To draw its structure, start similarly with a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C). Place one carboxylic acid group (COOH) at the end of each carbon atom in the double bond. Since it is a trans-isomer, the groups will be on opposite sides of the double bond. Here's the structure: O || O=C-C=O | OH The structures of maleic acid (cis-isomer) and fumaric acid (trans-isomer) are now drawn and labeled correctly.

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