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Chapter 22: Problem 7

Write structural formulas for the following alkanes. (a) 3-ethylpentane (b) 2,2-dimethylbutane (c) 2-methyl-3-ethylheptane (d) 2,3-dimethylpentane

Short Answer

Expert verified
Short Answer Question: Using the IUPAC nomenclature, draw the structural formula for the following alkane: 2,3-dimethylpentane. Short Answer: The structural formula for 2,3-dimethylpentane is as follows: CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3.

Step by step solution

01

(a) 3-ethylpentane Structure

To draw the structural formula for 3-ethylpentane, follow these steps: 1. Draw a straight chain of 5 carbon atoms (pentane) in a horizontal line. 2. Add hydrogens to each carbon atom so that each has a total of four bonds. 3. On the third carbon atom (counting from left or right), replace one hydrogen atom with an ethyl group (-CH2-CH3). The resulting structural formula for 3-ethylpentane is: CH3-CH2-CH(CH2-CH3)-CH2-CH3
02

(b) 2,2-dimethylbutane Structure

To draw the structural formula for 2,2-dimethylbutane, follow these steps: 1. Draw a straight chain of 4 carbon atoms (butane) in a horizontal line. 2. Add hydrogens to each carbon atom so that each has a total of four bonds. 3. On the second carbon atom (counting from left or right), replace two hydrogen atoms with two methyl groups (-CH3). The resulting structural formula for 2,2-dimethylbutane is: CH3-CH(CH3)2-CH2-CH3
03

(c) 2-methyl-3-ethylheptane Structure

To draw the structural formula for 2-methyl-3-ethylheptane, follow these steps: 1. Draw a straight chain of 7 carbon atoms (heptane) in a horizontal line. 2. Add hydrogens to each carbon atom so that each has a total of four bonds. 3. On the second carbon atom (counting from left or right), replace one hydrogen atom with a methyl group (-CH3). 4. On the third carbon atom (counting from left or right), replace one hydrogen atom with an ethyl group (-CH2-CH3). The resulting structural formula for 2-methyl-3-ethylheptane is: CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH2-CH3)-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
04

(d) 2,3-dimethylpentane Structure

To draw the structural formula for 2,3-dimethylpentane, follow these steps: 1. Draw a straight chain of 5 carbon atoms (pentane) in a horizontal line. 2. Add hydrogens to each carbon atom so that each has a total of four bonds. 3. On the second carbon atom (counting from left or right), replace one hydrogen atom with a methyl group (-CH3). 4. On the third carbon atom (counting from left or right), replace one hydrogen atom with a methyl group (-CH3). The resulting structural formula for 2,3-dimethylpentane is: CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(CH3)-CH2-CH3

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Draw structures for all the alcohols with molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14} \mathrm{O}\).

Draw structures for all the saturated carboxylic acids with four carbon atoms per molecule.

Draw the structural isomers of the alkane \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14} .\)

When aniline, \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\left(K_{\mathrm{b}}=7.4 \times 10^{-10}\right)\), reacts with a strong acid, its conjugate acid, \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}_{3}{ }^{+}\), is formed. Calculate the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of a \(0.100 \mathrm{M}\) solution of \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}_{3}{ }^{+}\) and compare it with the \(\mathrm{pH}\) of acetic acid \(\left(K_{\mathrm{a}}=\right.\) \(\left.1.86 \times 10^{-5}\right)\)

Write structural formulas for the following alkanes. (a) \(2,2,4\) -trimethylpentane (b) 2,2 -dimethylpropane (c) 4-isopropyloctane (d) \(2,3,4\) -trimethylheptane
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