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Chapter 22: Problem 8

Write structural formulas for the following alkanes. (a) \(2,2,4\) -trimethylpentane (b) 2,2 -dimethylpropane (c) 4-isopropyloctane (d) \(2,3,4\) -trimethylheptane

Short Answer

Expert verified
Question: Draw the structural formula for the following alkanes: (a) 2,2,4-trimethylpentane, (b) 2,2-dimethylpropane, (c) 4-isopropyloctane, and (d) 2,3,4-trimethylheptane. Answer: (a) 2,2,4-trimethylpentane: \( \text{CH}_3-\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)-\text{CH}_3\) (b) 2,2-dimethylpropane: \( \text{CH}_3-\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)_2-\text{CH}_3\) (c) 4-isopropyloctane: \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{CH}_3)_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3\) (d) 2,3,4-trimethylheptane: \( \text{CH}_3-\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)-\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)-\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3\)

Step by step solution

01

(a) 2,2,4-trimethylpentane

1. Identify the main chain: 'Pentane' indicates a 5-carbon main chain. 2. Identify branching groups: 'Trimethyl' indicates 3 methyl (\(\text{CH}_3\)) groups are branched off the main chain. 3. Assign positions: The numbers 2, 2, and 4 indicate the positions of the methyl groups on the main chain. 4. Draw the full structural formula: \( \text{CH}_3-\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)-\text{CH}_3\)
02

(b) 2,2-dimethylpropane

1. Identify the main chain: 'Propane' indicates a 3-carbon main chain. 2. Identify branching groups: 'Dimethyl' indicates 2 methyl (\(\text{CH}_3\)) groups are branched off the main chain. 3. Assign positions: The numbers 2 and 2 indicate the positions of the two methyl groups on the main chain. 4. Draw the full structural formula: \( \text{CH}_3-\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)_2-\text{CH}_3\)
03

(c) 4-Isopropyloctane

1. Identify the main chain: 'Octane' indicates an 8-carbon main chain. 2. Identify branching groups: 'Isopropyl' is an alkyl group with the formula \(\text{CH}(\text{CH}_3)_2\). 3. Assign positions: The number 4 indicates the position of the isopropyl group on the main chain. 4. Draw the full structural formula: \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\mathrm{C}(\mathrm{CH}_3)_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3\)
04

(d) 2,3,4-trimethylheptane

1. Identify the main chain: 'Heptane' indicates a 7-carbon main chain. 2. Identify branching groups: 'Trimethyl' indicates 3 methyl (\(\text{CH}_3\)) groups are branched off the main chain. 3. Assign positions: The numbers 2, 3, and 4 indicate the positions of the methyl groups on the main chain. 4. Draw the full structural formula: \( \text{CH}_3-\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)-\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)-\text{C}(\text{CH}_3)-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3\)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Arrange these compounds in order of increasing boiling point. Values in \({ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) are 0,11 , and 97 . (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH}\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{CH}_{3}\) (c) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{3}\)

Write structures for all the structural isomers of compounds with the molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{ClBr}\) in which \(\mathrm{Cl}\) and \(\mathrm{Br}\) are bonded to a doublebonded carbon.

Draw the structural isomers of the alkane \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14} .\)

Draw structures for all the saturated carboxylic acids with four carbon atoms per molecule.

Draw structures for all the alcohols with molecular formula \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14} \mathrm{O}\).
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