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Chapter 23: Problem 22

How many chiral carbon atoms are there in sucrose? maltose?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: There are 8 chiral carbon atoms in sucrose and 8 chiral carbon atoms in maltose.

Step by step solution

01

1. Analyze the molecular structure of sucrose

Sucrose is a disaccharide, composed of glucose and fructose molecules joined by a glycosidic bond between carbon-1 (C1) of glucose and carbon-2 (C2) of fructose. Here is the structure of sucrose(chip_tags=["latexinline"],inline_code='\begin{array}{c} \end{array} HOCH_2-(CHOH)_4-CH(OCCH_2(CH_2O)CH(CHOH)_3CHO)-O-CH_2-CH(CHOH)_3-CO-CH_2OH'). We will now analyze the structure to identify the chiral carbon atoms.
02

2. Identify chiral carbon atoms in sucrose

According to the structure of sucrose, the chiral carbon atoms are(chip_tags=["latexinline"],inline_code='\begin{array}{c} \end{array} C2, C3, C4, C5, C1^ \ ', and(chip_tags=["latexinline"],inline_code='\begin{array}{c} \end{array} C3^ \ ', C4^ \ ', C5^ \ ' and C6^ \ ' (where the (^ \ ') symbol indicates that the carbon atom belongs to the fructose molecule). There are a total of 8 chiral carbon atoms in sucrose.
03

3. Analyze the molecular structure of maltose

Maltose is also a disaccharide, composed of two glucose molecules joined by an α(1→4) glycosidic bond. Here is the structure of maltose(chip_tags=["latexinline"],inline_code='\begin{array}{c} \end{array} HOCH_2-(CHOH)_4-CH(OC(CH_2OH)CH(CHOH)_3CH_2OH)-O-CH_2-CH(CHOH)_3CH_2OH'). We will now analyze the structure to identify the chiral carbon atoms.
04

4. Identify chiral carbon atoms in maltose

According to the structure of maltose, the chiral carbon atoms are(chip_tags=["latexinline"],inline_code='\begin{array}{c} \end{array} C2, C3, C4, C5 and C1^ \ ' and(chip_tags=["latexinline"],inline_code='\begin{array}{c} \end{array} C3^ \ ', C4^ \ ', C5^ \ ' and C6^ \ ' (where, again, the (^ \ ') symbol indicates that the carbon atom belongs to the second glucose molecule). There are a total of 8 chiral carbon atoms in maltose as well. In conclusion: There are 8 chiral carbon atoms in sucrose and 8 chiral carbon atoms in maltose.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

On complete hydrolysis, a polypeptide gives two alanine, one leucine, one methionine, one phenylalanine, and one valine residue. Partial hydrolysis gives the following fragments: Ala-Phe, Leu-Met, Val-Ala, Phe-Leu. It is known that the first amino acid in the sequence is valine and the last one is methionine. What is the complete sequence of amino acids?

Cellulose consists of about \(10,000 \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}_{5}\) units linked together. (a) What are the mass percents of \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}\), and \(\mathrm{O}\) in cellulose? (b) What is the molar mass of cellulose?

Write a chemical equation, using molecular formulas, for the reaction of maltose with water to form glucose.

(a) How many tripeptides can be made from glycine, alanine, and leucine, using each amino acid only once per tripeptide? (b) Write the structural formulas of these tripeptides and name them in the shorthand abbreviation used for showing amino acid sequences.

Gycolysis is the process by which glucose is metabolized to lactic acid according to the equation $$ \begin{gathered} \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}(a q) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{3}(a q) \\ \Delta G^{6}=-198 \mathrm{~kJ} \text { at } \mathrm{pH} 7.0 \text { and } 25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \end{gathered} $$ Glycolysis is the source of energy in human red blood cells. In these cells, the concentration of glucose is \(5.0 \times 10^{-3} M_{3}\) while that of lactic acid is \(2.9 \times 10^{-3} M\). Calculate \(\Delta G\) for glycolysis in human blood cells under these conditions. Use the equation \(\Delta G=\Delta G^{\circ}+\mathrm{RT} \ln Q\), where \(Q\) is the concentration quotient, analogous to \(K\).
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