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Chapter 23: Problem 22

How many chiral carbon atoms are there in sucrose? maltose?

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: There are 8 chiral carbon atoms in sucrose and 8 chiral carbon atoms in maltose.

Step by step solution

01

1. Analyze the molecular structure of sucrose

Sucrose is a disaccharide, composed of glucose and fructose molecules joined by a glycosidic bond between carbon-1 (C1) of glucose and carbon-2 (C2) of fructose. Here is the structure of sucrose(chip_tags=["latexinline"],inline_code='\begin{array}{c} \end{array} HOCH_2-(CHOH)_4-CH(OCCH_2(CH_2O)CH(CHOH)_3CHO)-O-CH_2-CH(CHOH)_3-CO-CH_2OH'). We will now analyze the structure to identify the chiral carbon atoms.
02

2. Identify chiral carbon atoms in sucrose

According to the structure of sucrose, the chiral carbon atoms are(chip_tags=["latexinline"],inline_code='\begin{array}{c} \end{array} C2, C3, C4, C5, C1^ \ ', and(chip_tags=["latexinline"],inline_code='\begin{array}{c} \end{array} C3^ \ ', C4^ \ ', C5^ \ ' and C6^ \ ' (where the (^ \ ') symbol indicates that the carbon atom belongs to the fructose molecule). There are a total of 8 chiral carbon atoms in sucrose.
03

3. Analyze the molecular structure of maltose

Maltose is also a disaccharide, composed of two glucose molecules joined by an α(1→4) glycosidic bond. Here is the structure of maltose(chip_tags=["latexinline"],inline_code='\begin{array}{c} \end{array} HOCH_2-(CHOH)_4-CH(OC(CH_2OH)CH(CHOH)_3CH_2OH)-O-CH_2-CH(CHOH)_3CH_2OH'). We will now analyze the structure to identify the chiral carbon atoms.
04

4. Identify chiral carbon atoms in maltose

According to the structure of maltose, the chiral carbon atoms are(chip_tags=["latexinline"],inline_code='\begin{array}{c} \end{array} C2, C3, C4, C5 and C1^ \ ' and(chip_tags=["latexinline"],inline_code='\begin{array}{c} \end{array} C3^ \ ', C4^ \ ', C5^ \ ' and C6^ \ ' (where, again, the (^ \ ') symbol indicates that the carbon atom belongs to the second glucose molecule). There are a total of 8 chiral carbon atoms in maltose as well. In conclusion: There are 8 chiral carbon atoms in sucrose and 8 chiral carbon atoms in maltose.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Sketch the tetrapeptide obtained from four molecules of the \(\alpha\) -amino acid glycine.

Gycolysis is the process by which glucose is metabolized to lactic acid according to the equation $$ \begin{gathered} \mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}(a q) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6} \mathrm{O}_{3}(a q) \\ \Delta G^{6}=-198 \mathrm{~kJ} \text { at } \mathrm{pH} 7.0 \text { and } 25^{\circ} \mathrm{C} \end{gathered} $$ Glycolysis is the source of energy in human red blood cells. In these cells, the concentration of glucose is \(5.0 \times 10^{-3} M_{3}\) while that of lactic acid is \(2.9 \times 10^{-3} M\). Calculate \(\Delta G\) for glycolysis in human blood cells under these conditions. Use the equation \(\Delta G=\Delta G^{\circ}+\mathrm{RT} \ln Q\), where \(Q\) is the concentration quotient, analogous to \(K\).

Mannose has the same molecular formula as glucose and the same geometry except at carbon-2, where the \(\mathrm{H}\) and \(\mathrm{OH}\) groups are interchanged. Draw the structures of \(\alpha\) - and \(\beta\) -mannose.

Give the structural formulas of two different dipeptides formed between leucine and lysine.

Consider a polymer made from tetrachloroethylene. (a) Draw a portion of the polymer chain. (b) What is the molar mass of the polymer if it contains \(3.2 \times 10^{3}\) tetrachloroethylene molecules? (c) What are the mass percents of \(\mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}\) in the polymer?
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