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Chapter 3: Problem 59

Write a balanced equation for (a) the combustion (reaction with oxygen gas) of glucose, \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{12} \mathrm{O}_{6}\), to give carbon dioxide and water. (b) the reaction between xenon tetrafluoride gas and water to give xenon, oxygen, and hydrogen fluoride gases. (c) the reaction between aluminum and iron(III) oxide to give aluminum oxide and iron. (d) the formation of ammonia gas from its elements. (e) the reaction between sodium chloride, sulfur dioxide gas, steam, and oxygen to give sodium sulfate and hydrogen chloride gas.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Question: Write the balanced chemical equations for the following reactions: a) The combustion of glucose b) The reaction of xenon tetrafluoride gas with water c) The reaction between aluminum and iron(III) oxide d) The formation of ammonia gas from its elements e) The reaction of sodium chloride, sulfur dioxide gas, steam, and oxygen Answer: a) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O b) XeF4 + 2 H2O → Xe + O2 + 4 HF c) 2 Al + Fe2O3 → Al2O3 + 2 Fe d) N2 + 3 H2 → 2 NH3 e) 2 NaCl + SO2 + 2 H2O + O2 → Na2SO4 + 2 HCl

Step by step solution

01

Identification of reactants and products

For the combustion of glucose, the reactants are glucose (\(\mathrm{C}_{6}\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_{6}\)) and oxygen gas (\(\mathrm{O}_{2}\)). Combustion reactions give carbon dioxide (\(\mathrm{CO}_{2}\)) and water (\(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)) as the products.
02

Balancing the chemical equation

To balance the chemical equation, we start by balancing the carbon atoms, followed by hydrogen atoms, and finally oxygen atoms. The balanced equation for the combustion of glucose is: $$\mathrm{C}_{6}\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_{6} + 6\ \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO}_{2} + 6\ \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}$$ #b)
03

Identification of reactants and products

The reaction between xenon tetrafluoride gas (\(\mathrm{XeF}_{4}\)) and water (\(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)) gives xenon (\(\mathrm{Xe}\)), oxygen (\(\mathrm{O}_{2}\)), and hydrogen fluoride gases (\(\mathrm{HF}\)).
04

Balancing the chemical equation

To balance the chemical equation, we start by balancing the hydrogen atoms, followed by the oxygen atoms, and finally fluorine atoms. The balanced equation for this reaction is: $$\mathrm{XeF}_{4} + 2\ \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} \rightarrow \mathrm{Xe} + \mathrm{O}_{2} + 4\ \mathrm{HF}$$ #c)
05

Identification of reactants and products

The reaction between aluminum (\(\mathrm{Al}\)) and iron(III) oxide (\(\mathrm{Fe}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3}\)) gives aluminum oxide (\(\mathrm{Al}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3}\)) and iron (\(\mathrm{Fe}\)).
06

Balancing the chemical equation

To balance the chemical equation, we start by balancing the oxygen atoms, followed by the aluminum and iron atoms. The balanced equation for this reaction is: $$2\ \mathrm{Al} + \mathrm{Fe}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3} \rightarrow \mathrm{Al}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{3} + 2\ \mathrm{Fe}$$ #d)
07

Identification of reactants and products

The formation of ammonia gas (\(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\)) from its elements involves nitrogen (\(\mathrm{N}_{2}\)) and hydrogen (\(\mathrm{H}_{2}\)) gases.
08

Balancing the chemical equation

To balance the chemical equation, we balance the nitrogen atoms followed by the hydrogen atoms. The balanced equation for the formation of ammonia is: $$\mathrm{N}_{2} + 3\ \mathrm{H}_{2} \rightarrow 2\ \mathrm{NH}_{3}$$ #e)
09

Identification of reactants and products

The reaction between sodium chloride (\(\mathrm{NaCl}\)), sulfur dioxide gas (\(\mathrm{SO}_{2}\)), steam (\(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}\)), and oxygen (\(\mathrm{O}_{2}\)) gives sodium sulfate (\(\mathrm{Na}_{2}\mathrm{SO}_{4}\)) and hydrogen chloride gas (\(\mathrm{HCl}\)).
10

Balancing the chemical equation

To balance the chemical equation, we start with sodium, followed by sulfur, chlorine, and finally oxygen & hydrogen. The balanced equation for this reaction is: $$2\ \mathrm{NaCl} + \mathrm{SO}_{2} + 2\ \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O} + \mathrm{O}_{2} \rightarrow \mathrm{Na}_{2}\mathrm{SO}_{4} + 2\ \mathrm{HCl}$$

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Strontium has four isotopes with the following masses: \(83.9134\) amu \((0.56 \%), 85.9094 \mathrm{amu}(9.86 \%), 86.9089 \mathrm{amu}(7.00 \%)\), and \(87.9056(82.58 \%)\) Calculate the atomic mass of strontium.

Calculate the mass in grams of \(13.5 \mathrm{~mol}\) of (a) vinyl chloride, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{Cl}\), the starting material for a plastic. (b) capsaicin, \(\mathrm{C}_{18} \mathrm{H}_{27} \mathrm{NO}_{3}\), the substance that makes red chili peppers "hot." (c) stearic acid, \(\mathrm{C}_{18} \mathrm{H}_{36} \mathrm{O}_{2}\), used in soaps.

Calculate the molar masses (in grams per mole) of (a) gallium, Ga, a metal that literally melts in your hands. (b) plaster of paris, \(\mathrm{CaSO}_{4} \cdot \frac{1}{2} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\), once used in making casts for broken bones. (c) benzoyl peroxide, \(\mathrm{C}_{14} \mathrm{H}_{10} \mathrm{O}_{4}\), the active ingredient in many lotions used to treat acne.

Cyanogen gas, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{~N}_{2}\), has been found in the gases of outer space. It can react with fluorine to form carbon tetrafluoride and nitrogen trifluoride. $$ \mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{~N}_{2}(g)+7 \mathrm{~F}_{2}(g) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{CF}_{4}(g)+2 \mathrm{NF}_{3}(g) $$ (a) How many moles of fluorine react with \(1.37\) mol of cyanogen? (b) How many moles of \(\mathrm{CF}_{4}\) are obtained from \(13.75 \mathrm{~mol}\) of fluorine? (c) How many moles of cyanogen are required to produce \(0.8974 \mathrm{~mol}\) of \(\mathrm{NP}_{3} ?\) (d) How many moles of fluorine will yield \(4.981 \mathrm{~mol}\) of nitrogen trifluoride?

Methyl salicylate is a common "active ingredient" in liniments such as Ben-Gay \(^{\pi \prime}\). It is also known as oil of wintergreen. It is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. When a sample of methyl salicylate weighing \(5.287 \mathrm{~g}\) is burned in excess oxygen, \(12.24 \mathrm{~g}\) of carbon dioxide and \(2.505 \mathrm{~g}\) of water are formed. What is the simplest formula for oil of wintergreen?
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