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Chapter 3: Problem 92

Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia. Represent each nitrogen atom by a square and each hydrogen atom with a circle. Starting with five molecules of both hydrogen and nitrogen, show pictorially what you have after the reaction is complete.

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: After the reaction, the final pictorial representation is: Unreacted nitrogen (N_2) molecules: □ □ □ □ Unreacted hydrogen (H_2) molecules: ○ ○ Produced ammonia (NH_3) molecules: NH_3 NH_3

Step by step solution

01

Understand the chemical reaction

The chemical reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia can be represented as follows: N_2 + 3H_2 -> 2NH_3 Here, one molecule of nitrogen (N_2) reacts with three molecules of hydrogen (H_2) to form two molecules of ammonia (NH_3).
02

Represent given nitrogen and hydrogen molecules

We start with five molecules of both hydrogen (circles) and nitrogen (squares). Since nitrogen exists as a diatomic molecule (N_2), we will have 5 nitrogen molecules (10 nitrogen atoms), and 5 hydrogen molecules (10 hydrogen atoms). Nitrogen molecules (N_2) : □ □ □ □ □ Hydrogen molecules (H_2) : ○ ○ ○ ○ ○
03

Perform the reaction

Now, we will let the nitrogen and hydrogen molecules react to form ammonia following the reaction previously described. We will use up as many nitrogen and hydrogen molecules as possible based on the stoichiometry of the reaction: 1 N_2 molecule + 3 H_2 molecules -> 2 NH_3 molecules Since we have 5 nitrogen and 5 hydrogen molecules, it's crucial to notice that our limiting reactant is hydrogen in this case. We have enough hydrogen to react with 5/3 ≈ 1.67 nitrogen molecules. Therefore, only one nitrogen molecule can fully react with three hydrogen molecules to form ammonia. Reaction outcome: 1 N_2 molecule + 3 H_2 molecules -> 2 NH_3 molecules □ + ○ ○ ○ -> NH_3 NH_3
04

Show the final pictorial representation

Considering one nitrogen molecule has reacted with three hydrogen molecules to form two ammonia molecules, this is the pictorial representation of the system after the reaction is complete: Unreacted nitrogen (N_2) molecules: □ □ □ □ Unreacted hydrogen (H_2) molecules: ○ ○ Produced ammonia (NH_3) molecules: NH_3 NH_3

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