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Chapter 4: Problem 27

I Classify the following compounds as acids or bases, weak or strong. (a) perchloric acid (b) cesium hydroxide (c) carbonic acid, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) (d) ethylamine, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\)

Short Answer

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Question: Classify the following compounds as acids or bases, and as weak or strong: (a) perchloric acid, (b) cesium hydroxide, (c) carbonic acid, and (d) ethylamine. Answer: (a) perchloric acid is a strong acid, (b) cesium hydroxide is a strong base, (c) carbonic acid is a weak acid, and (d) ethylamine is a weak base.

Step by step solution

01

Identify the compounds as acids or bases

First, let's look at the formula for each compound and determine if it is an acid or a base. (a) perchloric acid: The formula is \(\mathrm{HClO}_{4}\). Since it has an H+ ion in its formula, it is an acid. (b) cesium hydroxide: The formula is \(\mathrm{CsOH}\). Since it has an \(\mathrm{OH}^{-}\) ion in its formula, it is a base. (c) carbonic acid: The formula is \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{CO}_{3}\). Since it has H+ ions in its formula, it is an acid. (d) ethylamine: The formula is \(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{5}\mathrm{NH}_{2}\). Since it has an amine group (\(\mathrm{NH}_{2}\)), which can accept an H+ ion, it is a base.
02

Classify the acids as weak or strong

Next, let's classify the identified acids as weak or strong. There are a few common strong acids, including perchloric acid, which ionizes completely in water. Other acids are generally weak. (a) perchloric acid: It is one of the strong acids. (c) carbonic acid: It is not a strong acid, so it is a weak acid.
03

Classify the bases as weak or strong

Lastly, let's classify the identified bases as weak or strong. Hydroxides of alkali metals (Group 1 on the periodic table) are generally strong bases. Additionally, amines are considered weak bases. (b) cesium hydroxide: Cesium is an alkali metal, so its hydroxide is a strong base. (d) ethylamine: It is an amine, a type of weak base.
04

Final Classifications

Here are all the classifications for the given compounds: (a) perchloric acid: strong acid (b) cesium hydroxide: strong base (c) carbonic acid: weak acid (d) ethylamine: weak base

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Write balanced equations for the following reactions in basic solution. (a) \(\mathrm{SO}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{I}_{2}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{SO}_{3}(g)+\mathrm{I}^{-}(a q)\) (b) \(\mathrm{Zn}(s)+\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{NH}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}(a q)\) (c) \(\mathrm{ClO}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{CrO}_{2}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{CrO}_{4}^{2-}(a q)\) (d) \(\mathrm{K}(s)+\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} \longrightarrow \mathrm{K}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\)

A capsule of vitamin \(\mathrm{C}\), a weak acid, is analyzed by titrating it with \(0.425 M\) sodium hydroxide. It is found that \(6.20 \mathrm{~mL}\) of base is required to react with a capsule weighing \(0.628 \mathrm{~g}\). What is the percentage of vitamin \(\mathrm{C}\) \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{6}\right)\) in the capsule? (One mole of vitamin \(\mathrm{C}\) reacts with one mole of hydroxide ion.)

Write balanced equations for the following reactions in acid solution. (a) \(\mathrm{P}_{4}(s)+\mathrm{Cl}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{PH}_{3}(g)+\mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g)\) (b) \(\mathrm{MnO}_{4}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{NO}_{2}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Mn}^{2+}(a q)+\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}(a q)\) (c) \(\mathrm{HBrO}_{3}(a q)+\mathrm{Bi}(s) \longrightarrow \mathrm{HBrO}_{2}(a q)+\mathrm{Bi}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{3}(s)\) (d) \(\mathrm{CrO}_{4}^{2-}(a q)+\mathrm{SO}_{3}^{2-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Cr}^{3+}(a q)+\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}(a q)\)

Limonite, an ore of iron, is brought into solution in acidic medium and titrated with \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}\). The unbalanced equation for the reaction is $$ \mathrm{MnO}_{4}^{-}(a q)+\mathrm{Fe}^{2+}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Fe}^{3+}(a q)+\mathrm{Mn}^{2+}(a q) $$ It is found that a \(1.000-\mathrm{g}\) sample of the ore requires \(75.52 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.0205 \mathrm{M}\) \(\mathrm{KMnO}_{4}\). What is the percent of Fe in the sample?

Analysis shows that a sample of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{X}\) (MM \(=100.0 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mol}\) ) reacts completely with \(330.0 \mathrm{~mL}\) of \(0.2000 \mathrm{M} \mathrm{KOH}\). $$ \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{X}(a q)+2 \mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{X}^{-}(a q)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} $$ What is the volume of the sample? (Density of \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{X}=1.200 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}\).)
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