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Chapter 4: Problem 35

Consider the following generic equation: $$ \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{B}^{-}(a q) \longrightarrow \mathrm{HB}(a q) $$ For which of the following pairs would this be the correct prototype equation for the acid-base reaction in solution? If it is not correct, write the proper equation for the acid-base reaction between the pair. (a) nitric acid and calcium hydroxide (b) hydrochloric acid and \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\) (c) hydrobromic acid and aqueous ammonia (d) perchloric acid and barium hydroxide (e) sodium hydroxide and nitrous acid

Short Answer

Expert verified
Answer: No, the reactions in Pair (a) and Pair (d) do not follow the generic equation for acid-base reactions. The correct equations are provided in the solution above, showcasing that additional products are formed in these reactions.

Step by step solution

01

Pair (a): Nitric acid and calcium hydroxide

Nitric acid (\(\mathrm{HNO}_3\)) will act as an acid, donating \(\mathrm{H}^+\) ions, and calcium hydroxide (\(\mathrm{Ca(OH)}_2\)) will act as a base, providing \(\mathrm{OH}^-\) ions. The prototype equation provided does not describe the reaction between these substances. The correct equation is: $$ \mathrm{HNO}_3 (aq) + \mathrm{Ca(OH)}_2 (aq) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Ca(NO}_3)_2 (aq) + 2\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} (l) $$
02

Pair (b): Hydrochloric acid and \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{2}\)

Hydrochloric acid (\(\mathrm{HCl}\)) will act as an acid, donating \(_H^+\) ions, and \(\mathrm{CH_3NH_2}\) (methylamine) will act as a base. This pair matches the generic equation. The correct equation is: $$ \mathrm{H}^+ (aq) + \mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{NH}_{2}^{-}(aq) \longrightarrow \mathrm{CH}_3\mathrm{NH}_3\mathrm{Cl} (aq) $$
03

Pair (c): Hydrobromic acid and aqueous ammonia

Hydrobromic acid (\(\mathrm{HBr}\)) will act as an acid, donating \(\mathrm{H}^+\) ions, and aqueous ammonia (\(\mathrm{NH}_3\)) will act as a base. This pair matches the generic equation. The correct equation is: $$ \mathrm{H}^+ (aq) + \mathrm{NH}_{3}(aq) \longrightarrow \mathrm{NH}_{4} \mathrm{Br}(aq) $$
04

Pair (d): Perchloric acid and barium hydroxide

Perchloric acid (\(\mathrm{HClO}_4\)) will act as an acid, donating \(\mathrm{H}^+\) ions, and barium hydroxide (\(\mathrm{Ba(OH)}_2\)) will act as a base, providing \(\mathrm{OH}^-\) ions. The prototype equation provided does not describe the reaction between these substances. The correct equation is: $$ \mathrm{HClO}_4 (aq) + \mathrm{Ba(OH)}_2 (aq) \longrightarrow \mathrm{Ba(ClO}_4)_2 (aq) + 2\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} (l) $$
05

Pair (e): Sodium hydroxide and nitrous acid

Sodium hydroxide (\(\mathrm{NaOH}\)) will act as a base, providing \(\mathrm{OH}^-\) ions, and nitrous acid (\(\mathrm{HNO}_2\)) will act as an acid, donating \(\mathrm{H}^+\) ions. The prototype equation provided does not describe the reaction between these substances. The correct equation is: $$ \mathrm{NaOH}(aq) + \mathrm{HNO}_2(aq) \longrightarrow \mathrm{NaNO}_2(aq) + \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}(l) $$

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