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Chapter 6: Problem 48

Give the symbol of the main-group metals in period 4 with the following number of unpaired electrons per atom. (Transition metals are not included.) (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3

Short Answer

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Question: Identify the main-group metals in period 4 with the following number of unpaired electrons per atom: (a) 0 unpaired electrons (b) 1 unpaired electron (c) 2 unpaired electrons (d) 3 unpaired electrons Answer: (a) 0 unpaired electrons: calcium (Ca) (b) 1 unpaired electron: potassium (K) (c) 2 unpaired electrons: germanium (Ge) (d) 3 unpaired electrons: arsenic (As)

Step by step solution

01

Identify the main-group metals in period 4

In period 4, the main-group metals we need to consider are: - potassium (K) - calcium (Ca) - gallium (Ga) - germanium (Ge) - arsenic (As) - selenium (Se) Note that gallium, germanium, arsenic, and selenium are considered metalloids, but for the purpose of this exercise, they are treated as main-group metals.
02

Determine the electron configurations for the elements

We will determine the electron configurations of the main-group metals in period 4: - potassium (K): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s¹ - calcium (Ca): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² - gallium (Ga): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p¹ - germanium (Ge): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p² - arsenic (As): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p³ - selenium (Se): 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰ 4p⁴
03

Identify the number of unpaired electrons and the element they correspond to

Now we will count the number of unpaired electrons in each element: (a) 0 unpaired electrons - calcium (Ca): 4s² has no unpaired electrons. (b) 1 unpaired electron - potassium (K): 4s¹ has one unpaired electron. (c) 2 unpaired electrons - germanium (Ge): 4p² has two unpaired electrons. (d) 3 unpaired electrons - arsenic (As): 4p³ has three unpaired electrons. So, the main-group metals in period 4 with the given number of unpaired electrons per atom are: (a) 0 unpaired electrons: calcium (Ca) (b) 1 unpaired electron: potassium (K) (c) 2 unpaired electrons: germanium (Ge) (d) 3 unpaired electrons: arsenic (As)

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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