Log out Go to App
Go to App

Learning Materials

Features

Discover

Chapter 9: Problem 33

In which of the following processes is it necessary to break covalent bonds as opposed to simply overcoming intermolecular forces? (a) melting mothballs made of naphthalene (b) dissolving HBr gas in water to form hydrobromic acid (c) vaporizing ethyl alcohol, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\) (d) changing ozone, \(\mathrm{O}_{3}\), to oxygen gas, \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
a) Melting mothballs made of naphthalene b) Dissolving HBr gas in water to form hydrobromic acid c) Vaporizing ethyl alcohol, \({C}_{2} {H}_{5} {OH}\) d) Changing ozone, \({O}_{3}\), to oxygen gas, \({O}_{2}\) Answer: d) Changing ozone, \({O}_{3}\), to oxygen gas, \({O}_{2}\)

Step by step solution

01

Analyze the first option

Melting mothballs made of naphthalene: When naphthalene mothballs melt, the solid becomes a liquid. This process involves overcoming intermolecular forces between naphthalene molecules, allowing them to move more freely. However, the covalent bonds within each naphthalene molecule remain intact. Therefore, covalent bonds do not need to be broken for this process.
02

Analyze the second option

Dissolving HBr gas in water to form hydrobromic acid: When hydrogen bromide (HBr) gas dissolves in water, it forms hydrobromic acid. In this process, the HBr molecule does not break its covalent bond between the hydrogen and bromine atoms. Instead, it forms hydrogen bonds with water molecules, which is an intermolecular force. Therefore, covalent bonds do not need to be broken for this process.
03

Analyze the third option

Vaporizing ethyl alcohol, \({C}_{2} {H}_{5} {OH}\): Vaporizing ethyl alcohol requires overcoming intermolecular forces between the alcohol molecules, such as van der Waals forces, to change it from a liquid to a gas. The covalent bonds within each ethanol molecule remain intact during this process. Therefore, covalent bonds do not need to be broken for this process.
04

Analyze the fourth option

Changing ozone, \({O}_{3}\), to oxygen gas, \({O}_{2}\): When ozone changes to oxygen gas, the \({O}_{3}\) molecules break apart into \({O}_{2}\) molecules and individual oxygen atoms. This means the covalent bonds between the oxygen atoms in ozone must be broken and reformed as new covalent bonds between oxygen atoms in the \({O}_{2}\) molecules. Therefore, this process requires breaking covalent bonds.
05

Answer the question

Based on the analysis of each option, the process that requires breaking covalent bonds is (d) changing ozone, \({O}_{3}\), to oxygen gas, \({O}_{2}\). The other processes only require overcoming intermolecular forces.

Unlock Step-by-Step Solutions & Ace Your Exams!

  • Full Textbook Solutions

    Get detailed explanations and key concepts

  • Unlimited Al creation

    Al flashcards, explanations, exams and more...

  • Ads-free access

    To over 500 millions flashcards

  • Money-back guarantee

    We refund you if you fail your exam.

Start your free trial

Over 30 million students worldwide already upgrade their learning with Vaia!

One App. One Place for Learning.

All the tools & learning materials you need for study success - in one app.

Get started for free

Most popular questions from this chapter

Nickel has an atomic radius of \(0.162 \mathrm{~nm}\). The edge of its cubic unit cell is \(0.458 \mathrm{~nm}\). What is the geometry of the nickel unit cell?

Classify each of the following solids as metallic, network covalent, ionic, or molecular. (a) It is insoluble in water, melts above \(500^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), and does not conduct electricity either as a solid, dissolved in water, or molten. (b) It dissolves in water but does not conduct electricity as an aqueous solution, as a solid, or when molten. (c) It dissolves in water, melts above \(100^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), and conducts electricity when present in an aqueous solution.

A flask with a volume of \(10.0\) L contains \(0.400 \mathrm{~g}\) of hydrogen gas and \(3.20 \mathrm{~g}\) of oxygen gas. The mixture is ignited and the reaction $$ 2 \mathrm{H}_{2}(\mathrm{~g})+\mathrm{O}_{2}(\mathrm{~g}) \longrightarrow 2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O} $$ goes to completion. The mixture is cooled to \(27^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). Assuming \(100 \%\) yield, (a) What physical state(s) of water is (are) present in the flask? (b) What is the final pressure in the flask? (c) What is the pressure in the flask if \(3.2 \mathrm{~g}\) of each gas is used?

Explain in terms of forces between structural units why (a) \(\mathrm{Br}_{2}\) has a lower melting point than \(\mathrm{NaBr}\). (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\) has a higher boiling point than butane, \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{10}\). (c) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\) has a higher boiling point than \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{Te}\). (d) Acetic acid \(\mathrm{CH}_{3}-\mathrm{C}-\mathrm{OH}\) has a lower boiling point

The normal boiling point for methyl hydrazine \(\left(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{~N}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{3}\right)\) is \(87^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). It has a vapor pressure of \(37.0 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}\) at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). What is the concentration (in \(\mathrm{g} / \mathrm{L}\) ) of methyl hydrazine if it saturates the air at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) ?
See all solutions

Recommended explanations on Chemistry Textbooks

Ionic and Molecular Compounds

Read Explanation

Chemical Reactions

Read Explanation

Inorganic Chemistry

Read Explanation

The Earths Atmosphere

Read Explanation

Organic Chemistry

Read Explanation

Chemistry Branches

Read Explanation
View all explanations

What do you think about this solution?

We value your feedback to improve our textbook solutions.

Study anywhere. Anytime. Across all devices.

Sign-up for free