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Chapter 9: Problem 44

Classify each of the following species as molecular, network covalent, ionic, or metallic. (a) W (b) \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}\) (diamond) (d) \(\left(\mathrm{NH}_{4}\right)_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) (e) \(\mathrm{F}_{2}(g)\)

Short Answer

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Question: Classify the following chemical species into categories such as molecular, network covalent, ionic, and metallic: a) W b) \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\) c) \(\mathrm{C}\) (diamond) d) \((\mathrm{NH}_{4})_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) e) \(\mathrm{F}_{2}(g)\) Answer: a) W is classified as metallic. b) \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\) is classified as molecular. c) \(\mathrm{C}\) (diamond) is classified as network covalent. d) \((\mathrm{NH}_{4})_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) is classified as ionic. e) \(\mathrm{F}_{2}(g)\) is classified as molecular.

Step by step solution

01

Classify W

W, or tungsten, is a metallic element. It forms a lattice of positive metal ions surrounded by electrons in a 'sea' of delocalized electrons, which is characteristic of metallic bonding. Therefore, W is classified as metallic. #b#
02

Classify \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\)

\(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\) is a molecule formed by nitrogen and oxygen atoms sharing electrons between them through covalent bonding. It has a discrete molecular structure, so we classify \(\mathrm{NO}_{2}\) as molecular. #c#
03

Classify \(\mathrm{C}\) (diamond)

In diamond, each carbon atom is covalently bonded to four other carbon atoms in a network. These bonds create a continuous chain of covalent bonds that extend throughout the crystal, forming a highly stable and strong network. Therefore, \(\mathrm{C}\) (diamond) is classified as network covalent. #d#
04

Classify \((\mathrm{NH}_{4})_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\)

In \((\mathrm{NH}_{4})_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) (ammonium carbonate), ammonium ions (\(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\)) and carbonate ions (\(\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-}\)) are held together by electrostatic forces of attraction between the positively charged ammonium ions and the negatively charged carbonate ions. This type of structure is characteristic of ionic compounds, so we classify \((\mathrm{NH}_{4})_{2} \mathrm{CO}_{3}\) as ionic. #e#
05

Classify \(\mathrm{F}_{2}(g)\)

\(\mathrm{F}_{2}(g)\) is a diatomic molecule composed of two fluorine atoms sharing electrons through a covalent bond. It has a discrete molecular structure, which is characteristic of molecular compounds. Therefore, we classify \(\mathrm{F}_{2}(g)\) as molecular.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Which of the following would you expect to show dispersion forces? Dipole forces? (a) \(\mathrm{GeBr}_{4}\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{2}\) (c) \(\mathrm{HF}(g)\) (d) \(\mathrm{TeCl}_{2}\)

The vapor pressure of \(\mathrm{I}_{2}(s)\) at \(30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) is \(0.466 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}\). (a) How many milligrams of iodine will sublime into an evacuated 1.00-L flask? (b) If \(2.0 \mathrm{mg}\) of \(\mathrm{I}_{2}\) is used, what will the final pressure be? (c) If \(10.0 \mathrm{mg}\) of \(\mathrm{I}_{2}\) is used, what will the final pressure be?

In which of the following processes is it necessary to break covalent bonds as opposed to simply overcoming intermolecular forces? (a) melting mothballs made of naphthalene (b) dissolving HBr gas in water to form hydrobromic acid (c) vaporizing ethyl alcohol, \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OH}\) (d) changing ozone, \(\mathrm{O}_{3}\), to oxygen gas, \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\)

Which of the following would show hydrogen bonding? (a) \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{~F}\) (b) \(\mathrm{HO}-\mathrm{OH}\) (c) \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{H}_{3} \mathrm{C}-\mathrm{O}-\mathrm{CH}_{3}\)

For each of the following pairs, choose the member with the lower boiling point. Explain your reason in each case. (a) \(\mathrm{NaCl}\) or \(\mathrm{PCl}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{NH}_{3}\) or \(\mathrm{AsH}_{3}\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{7} \mathrm{OH}\) or \(\mathrm{C}_{2} \mathrm{H}_{5} \mathrm{OCH}_{3}\) (d) \(\mathrm{HI}(g)\) or \(\mathrm{HCl}(g)\)
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