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Chapter 1: Problem 12

Classify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture. If a mixture, indicate whether it is homogeneous or heterogeneous: (a) air, (b) tomato juice, (c) iodine crystals, (d) sand.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Air is a homogeneous mixture. (b) Tomato juice is a heterogeneous mixture. (c) Iodine crystals are a pure substance. (d) Sand is a heterogeneous mixture.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Air

Air is a mixture of various gases like nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other trace gases. These gases are uniformly distributed throughout the air, making it a homogeneous mixture.
02

(b) Tomato juice

Tomato juice is a mixture of various components like water, tomato particles, vitamins, and minerals. These components do not have a uniform distribution due to the presence of tomato particles, making tomato juice a heterogeneous mixture.
03

(c) Iodine crystals

Iodine crystals consist of iodine molecules (I2) which are chemically bonded. It has a constant composition and cannot be separated into simpler substances by physical means. Therefore, iodine crystals are a pure substance.
04

(d) Sand

Sand contains tiny particles of various minerals and rocks, such as quartz, feldspar, and mica. Each particle retains its own unique properties, so it is a mixture. Since these different particles are not uniformly distributed, sand is a heterogeneous mixture.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) To identify a liquid substance, a student determined its density. Using a graduated cylinder, she measured out a \(45-\mathrm{mL}\) sample of the substance. She then measured the mass of the sample, finding that it weighed \(38.5 \mathrm{~g}\). She knew that the substance had to be either isopropyl alcohol (density \(0.785 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL})\) or toluene (density \(0.866 / \mathrm{mL}\) ). What are the calculated density and the probable identity of the substance? (b) An experiment requires \(45.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of ethylene glycol, a liquid whose density is \(1.114 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{mL}\). Rather than weigh the sample on a balance, a chemist chooses to dispense the liquid using a graduated cylinder. What volume of the liquid should he use? (c) A cubic piece of metal measures \(5.00 \mathrm{~cm}\) on each edge. If the metal is nickel, whose density is \(8.90 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3},\) what is the mass of the cube?

The US quarter has a mass of \(5.67 \mathrm{~g}\) and is approximately \(1.55 \mathrm{~mm}\) thick. (a) How many quarters would have to be stacked to reach \(575 \mathrm{ft},\) the height of the Washington Monument? (b) How much would this stack weigh? (c) How much money would this stack contain? (d) The US National Debt Clock showed the outstanding public debt to be $$\$ 11,687,233,914,811.11$$ on August \(19,2009 .\) How many stacks like the one described would be necessary to pay off this debt?

Using your knowledge of metric units, English units, and the information on the back inside cover, write down the conversion factors needed to convert (a) \(\mu \mathrm{m}\) to \(\mathrm{mm},\) (b) \(\mathrm{ms}\) to \(\mathrm{ns}\), (c) \(\mathrm{mi}\) to \(\mathrm{km},\) (d) \(\mathrm{ft}^{3}\) to \(\mathrm{L}\)

Read the following description of the element zinc and indicate which are physical properties and which are chemical properties. Zinc is a silver-gray- colored metal that melts at \(420^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). When zinc granules are added to dilute sulfuric acid, hydrogen is given off and the metal dissolves. Zinc has a hardness on the Mohs scale of 2.5 and a density of \(7.13 \mathrm{~g} / \mathrm{cm}^{3}\) at \(25^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). It reacts slowly with oxygen gas at elevated temperatures to form zinc oxide, \(\mathrm{ZnO}\).

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