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Chapter 10: Problem 13

How does a gas compare with a liquid for each of the following properties: (a) density, (b) compressibility, (c) ability to mix with other substances of the same phase to form homogeneous mixtures, \((\mathrm{d})\) ability to conform to the shape of its container?

Short Answer

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(a) Liquids generally have higher density than gases due to closely packed particles in liquids and more spaced-out particles in gases. (b) Gases are highly compressible, while liquids are nearly incompressible because of particle spacing. (c) Both gases and liquids can mix with substances of the same phase, but gases mix relatively faster than liquids due to the large spaces between particles. (d) Both gases and liquids can conform to the shape of their containers, but gases completely fill the container they occupy, while liquids only take the shape of the portion they occupy with a flat surface level due to gravity.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Comparing Density

Density, defined as mass divided by volume, is generally higher in liquids compared to gases. Liquids have closely packed particles, leading to a higher mass per unit volume, while gas particles are more spaced out, causing lesser mass in the same volume.
02

(b) Comparing Compressibility

Gases are highly compressible compared to liquids because of the significant spaces between gas particles. Applying pressure can bring these particles closer together, increasing the density. Conversely, liquids are nearly incompressible since their particles are already tightly packed, leaving little room for further compression.
03

(c) Comparing Mixing Abilities

Both gases and liquids can mix with other substances of the same phase but with varying rates of diffusion. The mixing process in gases happens relatively faster compared to liquids due to the large spaces between gas particles, and they continue to move and spread until they fully mix with other gases. However, the mixing rate of liquids depends on the substances being mixed and external factors such as temperature and stirring.
04

(d) Comparing Conformity to Container Shape

Both gases and liquids can conform to the shape of their containers. The difference in their conformity is the tendency to fill the entire container. Gases, due to their random, high-speed particle movement, completely fill any container they occupy, whereas liquids only take the shape of the portion of the container they occupy, with their surface level staying flat under the influence of gravity.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

(a) A liquid and a gas are moved to larger containers. How does their behavior differ once they are in the larger containers? Explain the difference in molecular terms. (b) Although liquid water and carbon tetrachloride, \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}(l),\) do not mix, their vapors form a homogeneous mixture. Explain. (c) Gas densities are generally reported in grams per liter, whereas liquid densities are reported in grams per milliliter. Explain the molecular basis for this difference.

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