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Chapter 10: Problem 77

What change or changes in the state of a gas bring about each of the following effects? (a) The number of impacts per unit time on a given container wall increases. (b) The average energy of impact of molecules with the wall of the container decreases. (c) The average distance between gas molecules increases. (d) The average speed of molecules in the gas mixture is increased.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) To increase the number of impacts per unit time, we can increase the pressure (P), increase the number of moles (n), or decrease the volume (V). (b) To decrease the average energy of impact, we can decrease the temperature (T). (c) To increase the average distance between gas molecules, we can decrease the number of moles (n) or increase the volume (V). (d) To increase the average speed of molecules in the gas mixture, we can increase the temperature (T).

Step by step solution

01

Effect (a): Increased number of impacts per unit time

To increase the number of impacts per unit time on the container wall, we can change the state of the gas in one or more of the following ways: 1. Increase the pressure (P): With a higher pressure, more gas molecules will collide with the container wall per unit time. 2. Increase the number of moles (n): With more gas molecules present, there will be a greater number of collisions with the container wall. 3. Decrease the volume (V): A smaller container volume will lead gas molecules to be closer together and have a higher chance of colliding with the container wall.
02

Effect (b): Decreased average energy of impact

To decrease the average energy of impact of molecules with the container wall, we can change the state of the gas in the following way: 1. Decrease the temperature (T): At lower temperatures, gas molecules have less kinetic energy, resulting in a lower average energy of impact during collisions with the container wall.
03

Effect (c): Increased average distance between gas molecules

To increase the average distance between gas molecules, we can change the state of the gas in one or more of the following ways: 1. Decrease the number of moles (n): With fewer gas molecules present, the average distance between them will increase. 2. Increase the volume (V): A larger container volume will lead gas molecules to spread out further, increasing the average distance between them.
04

Effect (d): Increased average speed of molecules in the gas mixture

To increase the average speed of molecules in the gas mixture, we can change the state of the gas in the following way: 1. Increase the temperature (T): At higher temperatures, gas molecules have more kinetic energy and thus move at higher average speeds.

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