Explain the difference between effusion and diffusion.

Effusion is a process where gas particles escape from a container through a small opening or hole. The particles move out individually and escape into the surroundings or another container. The rate of effusion depends on factors such as the size of the hole, the temperature, and the mass of the gas particles. A common example of effusion is the escape of air from a punctured tire or a balloon.

Diffusion is a process where particles (generally gas or liquid) move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, eventually reaching an equilibrium state where the particles are evenly distributed. This movement is due to the random motion of particles and their interaction with one another. An everyday example of diffusion is the dispersion of scent particles from a perfumed candle throughout a room.

Effusion and diffusion are both processes related to the movement of particles. Here are their key differences: - Effusion involves gas particles escaping through a small opening as individual particles, while diffusion is the spreading of particles throughout a medium until they are evenly distributed. - Effusion typically occurs when there is a pressure difference between the inside and outside of a container, while diffusion occurs due to a concentration gradient. - The rate of effusion is influenced by factors such as the size of the hole, temperature, and particle mass, whereas the rate of diffusion is determined by factors such as concentration gradient, temperature, and particle size. In conclusion, effusion and diffusion are two distinct processes of particle movement. Effusion is the escape of gas particles from a container through a small opening, while diffusion is the spreading of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration within a medium, eventually reaching an equilibrium state.