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Chapter 11: Problem 39

Name the phase transition in each of the following situations and indicate whether it is exothermic or endothermic: (a) When ice is heated, it turns to water. (b) Wet clothes dry on a warm summer day. (c) Frost appears on a window on a cold winter day. (d) Droplets of water appear on a cold glass of beer.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Melting; Endothermic (b) Evaporation; Endothermic (c) Deposition; Exothermic (d) Condensation; Exothermic

Step by step solution

01

(a) Identify the phase transition and exothermic or endothermic process.

When ice is heated, it turns to water. This is a transition from solid to liquid, which is called melting. Melting requires energy to break the bonds between the water molecules in the solid state. Therefore, it is an endothermic process.
02

(b) Identify the phase transition and exothermic or endothermic process.

When wet clothes dry on a warm summer day, water in the liquid state evaporates into the gaseous state. This phase transition is called evaporation. Evaporation requires energy to overcome the intermolecular forces in the liquid state, making this an endothermic process.
03

(c) Identify the phase transition and exothermic or endothermic process.

Frost appearing on a window on a cold winter day is a result of water vapor in the air transitioning from the gas phase to the solid phase. This phase transition is called deposition. Deposition releases energy to the surroundings as water vapor molecules join together and form a solid, making this an exothermic process.
04

(d) Identify the phase transition and exothermic or endothermic process.

When droplets of water appear on a cold glass of beer, the water vapor in the air cools and turns into a liquid form, which is called condensation. Condensation occurs when gas molecules lose energy and come together to form a liquid. This transfer of energy from the gas to its surroundings makes the process exothermic.

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