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Chapter 11: Problem 53

(a) Two pans of water are on different burners of a stove. One pan of water is boiling vigorously, while the other is boiling gently. What can be said about the temperature of the water in the two pans? (b) A large container of water and a small one are at the same temperature. What can be said about the relative vapor pressures of the water in the containers?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) The temperature of the water in both pans is equal to the boiling point of water, which is 100°C (212°F) at standard atmospheric pressure. The boiling intensity does not affect the temperature as long as the atmospheric pressure is constant. (b) The vapor pressures of the water in both the large and small containers are the same since vapor pressure depends on the temperature and the nature of the substance, not the size of the container.

Step by step solution

01

Understanding the boiling point and vapor pressure

Boiling point is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the external pressure. Vapor pressure is the pressure exerted by the vapor in equilibrium with its liquid at a given temperature. It depends on the temperature and the nature of the substance.
02

Analyzing the temperature of water in two pans

(a) In this case, we have two pans of water on different burners of a stove. One pan is boiling vigorously, while the other is boiling gently. Since both pans are boiling, the temperature of the water in both pans is equal to the boiling point of water, which is 100°C (212°F) at standard atmospheric pressure. Regardless of how vigorously or gently the water is boiling, the temperature remains constant at the boiling point as long as the atmospheric pressure is constant.
03

Analyzing the vapor pressure in a large and small container

(b) When we have a large container of water and a small one at the same temperature, the vapor pressures of the water in both containers are also the same. This is because vapor pressure is dependent on the temperature and the nature of the substance, not the size of the container. So, when both containers are at the same temperature, their vapor pressures are the same, regardless of the container's size.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Name the phase transition in each of the following situations and indicate whether it is exothermic or endothermic: (a) Bromine vapor turns to bromine liquid as it is cooled. (b) Crystals of iodine disappear from an evaporating dish as they stand in a fume hood. (c) Rubbing alcohol in an open container slowly disappears. (d) Molten lava from a volcano turns into solid rock.

Arrange substances \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4},\) Si, and Ar in order of increasing boiling point.

List the three states of matter in order of (a) increasing molecular disorder and (b) increasing intermolecular attractions. (c) Which state of matter is most easily compressed?

As the intermolecular attractive forces between molecules increase in magnitude, do you expect each of the following to increase or decrease in magnitude? (a) vapor pressure, (b) heat of vaporization, (c) boiling point, (d) freezing point, (e) viscosity, (f) surface tension, (g) critical temperature.

Suppose you have two colorless molecular liquids, one boiling at \(-84^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\), the other at \(34{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C},\) and both at atmospheric pressure. Which of the following statements is correct? For each statement that is not correct, modify the statement so that it is correct. (a) The higher-boiling liquid has greater total intermolecular forces than the lower- boiling liquid. (b) The lower-boiling liquid must consist of nonpolar molecules. (c) The lower-boiling liquid has a lower molecular weight than the higher-boiling liquid. (d) The two liquids have identical vapor pressures at their normal boiling points. (e) \(\mathrm{At}-84{ }^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) both liquids have vapor pressures of \(760 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}\).
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