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Chapter 11: Problem 73

As the intermolecular attractive forces between molecules increase in magnitude, do you expect each of the following to increase or decrease in magnitude? (a) vapor pressure, (b) heat of vaporization, (c) boiling point, (d) freezing point, (e) viscosity, (f) surface tension, (g) critical temperature.

Short Answer

Expert verified
As the intermolecular attractive forces between molecules increase, we can expect: (a) vapor pressure to decrease, (b) heat of vaporization to increase, (c) boiling point to increase, (d) freezing point to increase, (e) viscosity to increase, (f) surface tension to increase, and (g) critical temperature to increase. This is because stronger intermolecular forces lead to more stable structures, a higher resistance to flow, and higher energy required to overcome the attractive forces between molecules.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Vapor Pressure

As the intermolecular attractive forces between molecules increase, the molecules will be more attracted to each other, making it less likely for them to escape into the gas phase. As a result, vapor pressure will decrease with an increase in intermolecular forces.
02

(b) Heat of Vaporization

Heat of vaporization is the amount of energy required to convert a substance from its liquid phase to its vapor phase. When the intermolecular forces are stronger, it requires more energy to overcome the attractive forces between the molecules in order to vaporize the substance. Therefore, the heat of vaporization will increase with an increase in intermolecular forces.
03

(c) Boiling Point

The boiling point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. As intermolecular forces increase, more energy is needed to separate the molecules, so the boiling point will also increase.
04

(d) Freezing Point

The freezing point is the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a solid. As the intermolecular forces increase, the molecules will be more attracted to each other and will form a more stable structure at higher temperatures. Therefore, the freezing point will increase with an increase in intermolecular forces.
05

(e) Viscosity

Viscosity is the measure of a liquid's resistance to flow. When the intermolecular forces are stronger, the molecules are more attracted to each other and resist flowing past one another. So, the viscosity will increase with an increase in intermolecular forces.
06

(f) Surface Tension

Surface tension is the force that acts on the surface of a liquid and tends to minimize the surface area. Stronger intermolecular forces lead to a stronger tendency of molecules to remain close to their neighbors, and thus the surface tension increases with an increase in intermolecular forces.
07

(g) Critical Temperature

The critical temperature is the temperature above which a substance cannot be liquefied by applying pressure, regardless of how high the pressure is. Substances with stronger intermolecular forces require a higher temperature to overcome their attraction, so the critical temperature will increase with an increase in intermolecular forces.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

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