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Chapter 13: Problem 87

Indicate whether each of the following is a hydrophilic or a hydrophobic colloid: (a) butterfat in homogenized milk, (b) hemoglobin in blood, (c) vegetable oil in a salad dressing, (d) colloidal gold particles in water.

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Butterfat in homogenized milk is a hydrophobic colloid. (b) Hemoglobin in blood is a hydrophilic colloid. (c) Vegetable oil in salad dressing is a hydrophobic colloid. (d) Colloidal gold particles in water form a hydrophilic colloid.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Butterfat in homogenized milk: hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Butterfat is a type of lipid, which is generally hydrophobic in nature. Lipids are insoluble in water as their large hydrocarbon regions do not form favorable interactions with water molecules. Homogenized milk is created by dispersing the butterfat in small droplets throughout the liquid, making it more stable and uniform. Therefore, butterfat in homogenized milk is a hydrophobic colloid.
02

(b) Hemoglobin in blood: hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells that helps transport oxygen throughout the body. Proteins generally have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, but due to their overall structure, hemoglobin is soluble in water. The hydrophilic amino acids on the surface of the protein interact with water, allowing it to remain dissolved in blood and function effectively. Therefore, hemoglobin in blood is a hydrophilic colloid.
03

(c) Vegetable oil in salad dressing: hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Vegetable oil is also a type of lipid, which consists mostly of triglycerides. Like butterfat, lipids are generally hydrophobic due to their large hydrocarbon regions that do not readily interact with water molecules. For this reason, vegetable oil and water do not mix well, and when combined in salad dressings, the oil and water can separate. Therefore, vegetable oil in salad dressing is a hydrophobic colloid.
04

(d) Colloidal gold particles in water: hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Colloidal gold particles have a charged surface that attracts water molecules and forms a hydration layer around the particles. This results in the stabilization of the gold particles in the aqueous solution. This interaction with water, which prevents the gold particles from aggregating or settling out, indicates that the colloidal gold particles are hydrophilic in nature. Therefore, colloidal gold particles in water form a hydrophilic colloid.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

The partial pressure of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) in air at sea level is \(0.21 \mathrm{~atm} .\) Using the data in Table 13.1 , together with Henry's law, calculate the molar concentration of \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) in the surface water of a mountain lake saturated with air at \(20^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) and an atmospheric pressure of 650 torr.

Which of the following in each pair is likely to be more soluble in hexane, \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{14}:\) (a) \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\) or \(\mathrm{CaCl}_{2}\); (b) benzene \(\left(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{6}\right)\) or glycerol, \(\mathrm{CH}_{2}(\mathrm{OH}) \mathrm{CH}(\mathrm{OH}) \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{OH} ;\) (c) octanoic acid, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{CH}_{2} \mathrm{COOH},\) or acetic acid, \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COOH}\) ? Explain your answer in each case.

By referring to Figure 13.18 , determine whether the addition of \(40.0 \mathrm{~g}\) of each of the following ionic solids to \(100 \mathrm{~g}\) of water at \(40^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\) will lead to a saturated solution: (a) \(\mathrm{NaNO}_{3},\) (b) KCl, (c) \(\mathrm{K}_{2} \mathrm{Cr}_{2} \mathrm{O}_{7}\) (d) \(\mathrm{Pb}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\)

How does the lattice energy of an ionic solid affect its solubility in water? [Section 13.1\(]\)

A solution is made containing \(14.6 \mathrm{~g}\) of \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\) in \(184 \mathrm{~g} \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}\). Calculate (a) the mole fraction of \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH},(\mathbf{b})\) the mass percent of \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH},(\mathrm{c})\) the molality of \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{OH}\).
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