Write the expression for \(K_{c}\) for the following reactions. In each case indicate whether the reaction is homogeneous or heterogeneous. (a) \(3 \mathrm{NO}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{N}_{2} \mathrm{O}(g)+\mathrm{NO}_{2}(g)\) (b) \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}(g)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{CS}_{2}(g)+4 \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\) (c) \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_{4}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{Ni}(s)+4 \mathrm{CO}(g)\) (d) \(\mathrm{HF}(a q) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{F}^{-}(a q)\) (e) \(2 \mathrm{Ag}(s)+\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}(a q) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{Ag}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{Zn}(s)\) (f) \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q)\) (g) \(2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{H}^{+}(a q)+2 \mathrm{OH}^{-}(a q)\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) For the reaction \(3 \mathrm{NO}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{N}_{2}\mathrm{O}(g)+\mathrm{NO}_{2}(g)\), the equilibrium expression is: \[K_c = \frac{[\mathrm{N}_2\mathrm{O}][\mathrm{NO}_2]}{[\mathrm{NO}]^3}\] and it is homogeneous. (b) For the reaction \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}(g)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{CS}_{2}(g)+4 \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\), the equilibrium expression is: \[K_c = \frac{[\mathrm{CS}_2][\mathrm{H}_2]^4}{[\mathrm{CH}_4][\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{~S}]^2}\] and it is homogeneous. (c) For the reaction \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_{4}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{Ni}(s)+4\mathrm{CO}(g)\), the equilibrium expression is: \[K_c = \frac{[\mathrm{CO}]^4}{[\mathrm{Ni(CO)_4}]}\] and it is heterogeneous. (d) For the reaction \(\mathrm{HF}(aq) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}^{+}(aq)+\mathrm{F}^{-}(aq)\), the equilibrium expression is: \[K_c = \frac{[\mathrm{H}^+][\mathrm{F}^-]}{[\mathrm{HF}]}\] and it is homogeneous. (e) For the reaction \(2 \mathrm{Ag}(s)+\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}(aq) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{Ag}^{+}(aq)+\mathrm{Zn}(s)\), the equilibrium expression is: \[K_c = \frac{[\mathrm{Ag}^+]^2}{[\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}]}\] and it is heterogeneous. (f) For the reaction \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}^{+}(aq)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(aq)\), the equilibrium expression is: \[K_c = \frac{[\mathrm{H}^+][\mathrm{OH}^-]}{[\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}]}\] and it is heterogeneous. (g) For the reaction \(2 \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{H}^{+}(aq)+2\mathrm{OH}^{-}(aq)\), the equilibrium expression is: \[K_c = \frac{[\mathrm{H}^+]^2[\mathrm{OH}^-]^2}{[\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}]^2}\] and it is heterogeneous.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Write the equilibrium expression for reaction (a)

For the reaction, \(3 \mathrm{NO}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{N}_{2}\mathrm{O}(g)+\mathrm{NO}_{2}(g)\), the equilibrium expression can be written as: \[K_c = \frac{[\mathrm{N}_2\mathrm{O}][\mathrm{NO}_2]}{[\mathrm{NO}]^3}\] This reaction is homogeneous, as all reactants and products are in the gas phase.
02

(b) Write the equilibrium expression for reaction (b)

For the reaction, \(\mathrm{CH}_{4}(g)+2 \mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{~S}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{CS}_{2}(g)+4 \mathrm{H}_{2}(g)\), the equilibrium expression is: \[K_c = \frac{[\mathrm{CS}_2][\mathrm{H}_2]^4}{[\mathrm{CH}_4][\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{~S}]^2}\] This reaction is also homogeneous, with all species in the gas phase.
03

(c) Write the equilibrium expression for reaction (c)

For the reaction, \(\mathrm{Ni}(\mathrm{CO})_{4}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{Ni}(s)+4\mathrm{CO}(g)\), the equilibrium expression is: \[K_c = \frac{[\mathrm{CO}]^4}{[\mathrm{Ni(CO)_4}]}\] Since the reaction involves both solid and gaseous phases, it is a heterogeneous reaction.
04

(d) Write the equilibrium expression for reaction (d)

For the reaction, \(\mathrm{HF}(aq) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}^{+}(aq)+\mathrm{F}^{-}(aq)\), the equilibrium expression is: \[K_c = \frac{[\mathrm{H}^+][\mathrm{F}^-]}{[\mathrm{HF}]}\] This reaction is homogeneous, with all species in the aqueous phase.
05

(e) Write the equilibrium expression for reaction (e)

For the reaction, \(2 \mathrm{Ag}(s)+\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}(aq) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{Ag}^{+}(aq)+\mathrm{Zn}(s)\), the equilibrium expression is: \[K_c = \frac{[\mathrm{Ag}^+]^2}{[\mathrm{Zn}^{2+}]}\] This reaction is heterogeneous, involving both solid and aqueous phases.
06

(f) Write the equilibrium expression for reaction (f)

For the reaction, \(\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{H}^{+}(aq)+\mathrm{OH}^{-}(aq)\), the equilibrium expression is: \[K_c = \frac{[\mathrm{H}^+][\mathrm{OH}^-]}{[\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}]}\] This reaction is heterogeneous, as it involves liquid and aqueous phases.
07

(g) Write the equilibrium expression for reaction (g)

For the reaction, \(2 \mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{O}(l) \rightleftharpoons 2 \mathrm{H}^{+}(aq)+2\mathrm{OH}^{-}(aq)\), the equilibrium expression is: \[K_c = \frac{[\mathrm{H}^+]^2[\mathrm{OH}^-]^2}{[\mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}]^2}\] This reaction is also heterogeneous, involving liquid and aqueous phases.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For the equilibrium $$2 \mathrm{IBr}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{I}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{Br}_{2}(g)$$ \(K_{p}=8.5 \times 10^{-3}\) at \(150^{\circ} \mathrm{C}\). If 0.025 atm of IBr is placed in a 2.0-L container, what is the partial pressure of all substances after equilibrium is reached?

If \(K_{c}=1\) for the equilibrium \(2 \mathrm{~A}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{B}(g)\), what is the relationship between \([\mathrm{A}]\) and \([\mathrm{B}]\) at equilibrium?

At \(700 \mathrm{~K}\) the equilibrium constant for the reaction $$\mathrm{CCl}_{4}(g) \rightleftharpoons \mathrm{C}(s)+2 \mathrm{Cl}_{2}(g)$$ is \(K_{p}=0.76 .\) A flask is charged with 2.00 atm of \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\), which then reaches equilibrium at \(700 \mathrm{~K}\). (a) What fraction of the \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\) is converted into \(\mathrm{C}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2} ?\) (b) What are the partial pressures of \(\mathrm{CCl}_{4}\) and \(\mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) at equilibrium?

The protein hemoglobin (Hb) transports \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) in mammalian blood. Each \(\mathrm{Hb}\) can bind \(4 \mathrm{O}_{2}\) molecules. The equilibrium constant for the \(\mathrm{O}_{2}\) -binding reaction is higher in fetal hemoglobin than in adult hemoglobin. In discussing protein oxygenbinding capacity, biochemists use a measure called the \(P 50\) value, defined as the partial pressure of oxygen at which \(50 \%\) of the protein is saturated. Fetal hemoglobin has a \(\mathrm{P} 50\) value of 19 torr, and adult hemoglobin has a P50 value of 26.8 torr. Use these data to estimate how much larger \(K_{c}\) is for the aqueous reaction \(4 \mathrm{O}_{2}(g)+\mathrm{Hb}(a q) \longrightarrow\left[\mathrm{Hb}\left(\mathrm{O}_{2}\right)_{4}(a q)\right]\) .

A certain chemical reaction has \(K_{c}=1.5 \times 10^{6}\). Does this mean that at equilibrium there are \(1.5 \times 10^{6}\) times as many product molecules as reactant molecules? Explain.

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