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Chapter 16: Problem 95

If a substance is an Arrhenius base, is it necessarily a BronstedLowry base? Is it necessarily a Lewis base? Explain.

Short Answer

Expert verified
If a substance is an Arrhenius base, it is necessarily a Bronsted-Lowry base and a Lewis base. This is because the hydroxide ions (\(OH^-\)) produced by an Arrhenius base can act as proton acceptors (Bronsted-Lowry) and possess a lone pair of electrons that can be donated to form a covalent bond (Lewis base).

Step by step solution

01

Define Arrhenius base

An Arrhenius base is a substance that, when dissolved in water, increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (\(OH^-\)) in the solution.
02

Define Bronsted-Lowry base

A Bronsted-Lowry base is a substance that can act as a proton (hydrogen ion, \(H^+\)) acceptor.
03

Define Lewis base

A Lewis base is a substance that can donate a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond.
04

Determine if an Arrhenius base is a Bronsted-Lowry base

An Arrhenius base increases the concentration of \(OH^-\) ions in the solution. These \(OH^-\) ions can accept a proton (\(H^+\)) from another substance, forming a water molecule in the process: \[ OH^- + H^+ \rightarrow H_2O \] Since the OH- ion can act as a proton acceptor, this means an Arrhenius base is also a Bronsted-Lowry base.
05

Determine if an Arrhenius base is a Lewis base

An Arrhenius base increases the concentration of hydroxide ions (\(OH^-\)) in the solution. The hydroxide ion has a lone pair of electrons that can be donated to form a covalent bond with another molecule or ion. So, hydroxide ions can act as Lewis bases. Therefore, an Arrhenius base is also a Lewis base.
06

Conclusion

Based on these definitions and comparisons, we can conclude that if a substance is an Arrhenius base, it is necessarily a Bronsted-Lowry base and a Lewis base.

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