A reaction for converting ketones to lactones, called the Bacyer-Villiger reaction, O=C1CCCCC1 O=C(OO)c1cccc(Cl)c1 Ketone 3-Chloroperbenzoic acid O=C1CCCCCO1 Lactone 3-Chlorobenzoic acid is used in the manufacture of plastics and pharmaceuticals. 3-Chloroperbenzoic acid is shock-sensitive, however, and prone to explode. Also, 3-chlorobenzoic acid is a waste product. An alternative process being developed uses hydrogen peroxide and a catalyst consisting of tin deposited within a solid support. The catalyst is readily recovered from the reaction mixture. (a) What would you expect to be the other product of exidation of the ketone to lactone by hydrogen peroxide? (b) What principles of green chemistry are addressed by use of the proposed process?

To determine the other product resulting from the oxidation of the ketone to lactone with hydrogen peroxide, analyze the available reactants and products. The reaction can be represented as: Ketone + Hydrogen Peroxide → Lactone + Other Product Given that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) donates an oxygen atom for oxidation, one can conclude that a water molecule (H2O) will likely form as a byproduct in this specific oxidative reaction: Ketone + H2O2 → Lactone + H2O Thus, the other product of the oxidation of the ketone to lactone by hydrogen peroxide is water (H2O).

Green chemistry focuses on designing products and processes that minimize the use and generation of hazardous substances. The principles of green chemistry being addressed by using hydrogen peroxide and a tin catalyst deposited within a solid support are as follows: 1. Prevention: The proposed process avoids the use of hazardous chemicals, like shock-sensitive 3-chloroperbenzoic acid, preventing the creation of harmful waste and reducing the risk of explosion. 2. Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries: The replacement of 3-chloroperbenzoic acid with hydrogen peroxide makes the overall reaction safer, as hydrogen peroxide is a less hazardous chemical. 3. Catalysis: The use of a tin catalyst deposited within a solid support increases the efficiency of the reaction. Catalysts ultimately reduce the energy consumption and waste generation, as they generally increase the rate of the reaction and may be reusable. 4. Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention: Reducing the use of shock-sensitive and explosive chemicals like 3-chloroperbenzoic acid helps minimize the risk of accidents. Hydrogen peroxide is inherently safer in this context. Based on the analysis above, the proposed process with hydrogen peroxide and a tin catalyst addresses multiple green chemistry principles, making it a more environmentally friendly and safer method for converting ketones to lactones.