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Chapter 2: Problem 23

How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in the following atoms: (a) \({ }^{40} \mathrm{Ar},(\mathbf{b}){ }^{65} \mathrm{Zn},(\mathbf{c}){ }^{70} \mathrm{Ga},(\mathbf{d}){ }^{80} \mathrm{Br},\) (e) \({ }^{184} \mathrm{~W}\), (f) \({ }^{243} \mathrm{Am} ?\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Argon (\(^{40}\mathrm{Ar}\)): 18 protons, 22 neutrons, and 18 electrons. (b) Zinc (\(^{65}\mathrm{Zn}\)): 30 protons, 35 neutrons, and 30 electrons. (c) Gallium (\(^{70}\mathrm{Ga}\)): 31 protons, 39 neutrons, and 31 electrons. (d) Bromine (\(^{80}\mathrm{Br}\)): 35 protons, 45 neutrons, and 35 electrons. (e) Tungsten (\(^{184}\mathrm{W}\)): 74 protons, 110 neutrons, and 74 electrons. (f) Americium (\(^{243}\mathrm{Am}\)): 95 protons, 148 neutrons, and 95 electrons.

Step by step solution

01

(a) Finding protons, neutrons, and electrons for Argon (Ar)

Argon is represented as \(^{40}\mathrm{Ar}\). The atomic mass number (A) is 40, and the atomic number (Z) of Argon is 18 (you can find it on the periodic table). Using these values: - Number of protons (Z) = 18 - Number of neutrons (A - Z) = 40 - 18 = 22 - Number of electrons = 18 (since it's a neutral atom)
02

(b) Finding protons, neutrons, and electrons for Zinc (Zn)

Zinc is represented as \(^{65}\mathrm{Zn}\). The atomic mass number (A) is 65, and the atomic number (Z) of Zinc is 30. Using these values: - Number of protons (Z) = 30 - Number of neutrons (A - Z) = 65 - 30 = 35 - Number of electrons = 30
03

(c) Finding protons, neutrons, and electrons for Gallium (Ga)

Gallium is represented as \(^{70}\mathrm{Ga}\). The atomic mass number (A) is 70, and the atomic number (Z) of Gallium is 31. Using these values: - Number of protons (Z) = 31 - Number of neutrons (A - Z) = 70 - 31 = 39 - Number of electrons = 31
04

(d) Finding protons, neutrons, and electrons for Bromine (Br)

Bromine is represented as \(^{80}\mathrm{Br}\). The atomic mass number (A) is 80, and the atomic number (Z) of Bromine is 35. Using these values: - Number of protons (Z) = 35 - Number of neutrons (A - Z) = 80 - 35 = 45 - Number of electrons = 35
05

(e) Finding protons, neutrons, and electrons for Tungsten (W)

Tungsten is represented as \(^{184}\mathrm{W}\). The atomic mass number (A) is 184, and the atomic number (Z) of Tungsten is 74. Using these values: - Number of protons (Z) = 74 - Number of neutrons (A - Z) = 184 - 74 = 110 - Number of electrons = 74
06

(f) Finding protons, neutrons, and electrons for Americium (Am)

Americium is represented as \(^{243}\mathrm{Am}\). The atomic mass number (A) is 243, and the atomic number (Z) of Americium is 95. Using these values: - Number of protons (Z) = 95 - Number of neutrons (A - Z) = 243 - 95 = 148 - Number of electrons = 95

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Because many ions and compounds have very similar names, there is great potential for confusing them. Write the correct chemical formulas to distinguish between (a) calcium sulfide and calcium hydrogen sulfide, (b) hydrobromic acid and bromic acid, (c) aluminum nitride and aluminum nitrite, (d) iron(II) oxide and iron(III) oxide, (e) ammonia and ammonium ion, (f) potassium sulfite and potassium bisulfite, (g) mercurous chloride and mercuric chloride, (h) chloric acid and perchloric acid.

Rubidium has two naturally occurring isotopes, rubidium- 85 (atomic mass \(=84.9118\) amu; abundance \(=72.15 \%)\) and rubidium- 87 (atomic mass \(=86.9092\) amu; abundance = \(27.85 \%) .\) Calculate the atomic weight of rubidium.

Identify the element represented by each of the following symbols and give the number of protons and neutrons in each: (a) \(33^{7} X\), (b) \(\frac{127}{53} \mathrm{X}\), (c) \(\frac{152}{63} \mathrm{X}\) (d) \({ }_{83}^{209} \mathrm{X}\).

Predict the chemical formula for the ionic compound formed by (a) \(\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}\) and \(\mathrm{Br}^{-},\) (b) \(\mathrm{K}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{CO}_{3}^{2-},\) (c) \(\mathrm{Al}^{3+}\) and \(\mathrm{CH}_{3} \mathrm{COO}^{-}\) (d) \(\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}\) and \(\mathrm{SO}_{4}^{2-}\), (e) \(\mathrm{Mg}^{2+}\) and \(\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}\).

Draw the structural formulas for three isomers of pentane, \(\mathrm{C}_{5} \mathrm{H}_{12}\) $$ \begin{array}{cc} \hline \text { Droplet } & \text { Calculated Charge (wa) } \\ \hline \text { A } & 3.84 \times 10^{-8} \\ \text {B } & 4.80 \times 10^{-8} \\ \text {C } & 2.88 \times 10^{-8} \\ \text {D } & 8.64 \times 10^{-8} \\ \hline \end{array} $$ (c) Based on your answer to part (b), how many electrons are there on each of the droplets? (d) What is the conversion factor between warmombs and coulombs?
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