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Chapter 2: Problem 43

Write the empirical formula corresponding to each of the following molecular formulas: (a) \(\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{Br}_{6},\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{10},\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}\), (d) \(\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{10}\) (e) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\), (f) \(\mathrm{B}_{3} \mathrm{~N}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6}\)

Short Answer

Expert verified
The empirical formulas for the given molecular formulas are: (a) \(\mathrm{AlBr}_{3}\) (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{4}\mathrm{H}_{5}\) (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{4}\mathrm{O}\) (d) \(\mathrm{P}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{5}\) (e) \(\mathrm{C}_{3}\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{Cl}\) (f) \(\mathrm{BNH}_{2}\)

Step by step solution

01

Identify the greatest common divisor of the subscripts

The greatest common divisor (GCD) of 2 and 6 is 2.
02

Divide each subscript by the greatest common divisor

Divide 2 by 2 to get 1, and 6 by 2 to get 3. So, we will have \(\mathrm{Al}_{\frac{2}{2}}\mathrm{Br}_{\frac{6}{2}}\).
03

Write the empirical formula

The empirical formula for \(\mathrm{Al}_{2} \mathrm{Br}_{6}\) is \(\mathrm{AlBr}_{3}\). (b) \(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{10}\)
04

Identify the greatest common divisor of the subscripts

The greatest common divisor (GCD) of 8 and 10 is 2.
05

Divide each subscript by the greatest common divisor

Divide 8 by 2 to get 4, and 10 by 2 to get 5. So, we will have \(\mathrm{C}_{\frac{8}{2}}\mathrm{H}_{\frac{10}{2}}\).
06

Write the empirical formula

The empirical formula for \(\mathrm{C}_{8} \mathrm{H}_{10}\) is \(\mathrm{C}_{4}\mathrm{H}_{5}\). (c) \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}\)
07

Identify the greatest common divisor of the subscripts

The greatest common divisor (GCD) of 4, 8, and 2 is 2.
08

Divide each subscript by the greatest common divisor

Divide 4 by 2 to get 2, 8 by 2 to get 4, and 2 by 2 to get 1. So, we will have \(\mathrm{C}_{\frac{4}{2}}\mathrm{H}_{\frac{8}{2}}\mathrm{O}_{\frac{2}{2}}\).
09

Write the empirical formula

The empirical formula for \(\mathrm{C}_{4} \mathrm{H}_{8} \mathrm{O}_{2}\) is \(\mathrm{C}_{2}\mathrm{H}_{4}\mathrm{O}\). (d) \(\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{10}\)
10

Identify the greatest common divisor of the subscripts

The greatest common divisor (GCD) of 4 and 10 is 2.
11

Divide each subscript by the greatest common divisor

Divide 4 by 2 to get 2, and 10 by 2 to get 5. So, we will have \(\mathrm{P}_{\frac{4}{2}}\mathrm{O}_{\frac{10}{2}}\).
12

Write the empirical formula

The empirical formula for \(\mathrm{P}_{4} \mathrm{O}_{10}\) is \(\mathrm{P}_{2}\mathrm{O}_{5}\). (e) \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\)
13

Identify the greatest common divisor of the subscripts

The greatest common divisor (GCD) of 6, 4, and 2 is 2.
14

Divide each subscript by the greatest common divisor

Divide 6 by 2 to get 3, 4 by 2 to get 2, and 2 by 2 to get 1. So, we will have \(\mathrm{C}_{\frac{6}{2}}\mathrm{H}_{\frac{4}{2}}\mathrm{Cl}_{\frac{2}{2}}\).
15

Write the empirical formula

The empirical formula for \(\mathrm{C}_{6} \mathrm{H}_{4} \mathrm{Cl}_{2}\) is \(\mathrm{C}_{3}\mathrm{H}_{2}\mathrm{Cl}\). (f) \(\mathrm{B}_{3} \mathrm{N}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6}\)
16

Identify the greatest common divisor of the subscripts

The greatest common divisor (GCD) of 3, 3, and 6 is 3.
17

Divide each subscript by the greatest common divisor

Divide 3 by 3 to get 1, 3 by 3 to get 1, and 6 by 3 to get 2. So, we will have \(\mathrm{B}_{\frac{3}{3}}\mathrm{N}_{\frac{3}{3}}\mathrm{H}_{\frac{6}{3}}\).
18

Write the empirical formula

The empirical formula for \(\mathrm{B}_{3} \mathrm{N}_{3} \mathrm{H}_{6}\) is \(\mathrm{BNH}_{2}\).

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Most popular questions from this chapter

Give the names and charges of the cation and anion in each of the following compounds: (a) \(\mathrm{CaO},\) (b) \(\mathrm{Na}_{2} \mathrm{SO}_{4},\) (c) \(\mathrm{KClO}_{4}\), (d) \(\mathrm{Fe}\left(\mathrm{NO}_{3}\right)_{2}\), (e) \(\mathrm{Cr}(\mathrm{OH})_{3}\)

Hydrogen sulfide is composed of two elements: hydrogen and sulfur. In an experiment, \(6.500 \mathrm{~g}\) of hydrogen sulfide is fully decomposed into its elements. (a) If \(0.384 \mathrm{~g}\) of hydrogen is obtained in this experiment, how many grams of sulfur must be obtained? (b) What fundamental law does this experiment demonstrate? (c) How is this law explained by Dalton's atomic theory?

Chloropropane is a compound derived from propane by substituting \(\mathrm{Cl}\) for \(\mathrm{H}\) on one of the carbon atoms. (a) Draw the structural formulas for the two isomers of chloropropane. (b) Suggest names for these two compounds.

Identify the element represented by each of the following symbols and give the number of protons and neutrons in each: (a) \(33^{7} X\), (b) \(\frac{127}{53} \mathrm{X}\), (c) \(\frac{152}{63} \mathrm{X}\) (d) \({ }_{83}^{209} \mathrm{X}\).

The element oxygen has three naturally occurring isotopes, with \(8,9,\) and 10 neutrons in the nucleus, respectively. (a) Write the full chemical symbols for these three isotopes. (b) Describe the similarities and differences between the three kinds of atoms of oxygen.
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