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Chapter 2: Problem 78

(a) What do ethane and ethanol have in common? (b) How does 1 -propanol differ from propane?

Short Answer

Expert verified
(a) Ethane and ethanol both have two carbon atoms in their molecular structure and a single bond between the carbon atoms, making them members of the alkane and alcohol families, respectively. (b) 1-Propanol belongs to the alcohol family with the chemical formula \(C_{3}H_{7}OH\), due to the presence of a hydroxyl group (-OH), while propane belongs to the alkane family with the chemical formula \(C_{3}H_{8}\), having no functional groups. Physical properties such as boiling points and solubilities also differ between 1-propanol and propane.

Step by step solution

01

Define Ethane and Ethanol

Ethane is an organic compound with the chemical formula \(C_{2}H_{6}\), consisting of two carbon atoms single-bonded to each other and six hydrogen atoms surrounding the two carbon atoms. Ethanol is an organic compound with the chemical formula \(C_{2}H_{5}OH\), and it has the same carbon backbone as ethane, with one hydrogen atom replaced by a hydroxyl group (-OH).
02

Compare Ethane and Ethanol

Both ethane and ethanol have the following in common: 1. They are organic compounds with two carbon atoms in their molecular structure. 2. They have a single bond between the carbon atoms, making them members of the alkane and alcohol families, respectively. 3. Both are considered to be small molecules within their respective families.
03

Define 1-Propanol and Propane

1-Propanol is an organic compound with the chemical formula \(C_{3}H_{7}OH\), which consists of a chain of three carbon atoms, with seven hydrogen atoms surrounding the carbon chain and a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to the first carbon atom. Propane, on the other hand, is an organic compound with the chemical formula \(C_{3}H_{8}\), which consists of three carbon atoms and eight hydrogen atoms, and is a member of the alkane family.
04

Compare 1-Propanol and Propane

The differences between 1-propanol and propane include: 1. 1-Propanol belongs to the alcohol family due to the presence of a hydroxyl group (-OH), while propane belongs to the alkane family, which has no functional groups. 2. The chemical formula of 1-propanol is \(C_{3}H_{7}OH\) while propane has the chemical formula \(C_{3}H_{8}\). 3. Physical properties such as boiling points and solubilities differ between 1-propanol and propane.

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Most popular questions from this chapter

For each of the following elements, write its chemical symbol, determine the name of the group to which it belongs (Table 2.3 ), and indicate whether it is a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal: (a) potassium, (b) iodine, (c) magnesium, (d) argon, (e) sulfur.

Mass spectrometry is more often applied to molecules than to atoms. We will see in Chapter 3 that the molecular weight of a molecule is the sum of the atomic weights of the atoms in the molecule. The mass spectrum of \(\mathrm{H}_{2}\) is taken under conditions that prevent decomposition into \(\mathrm{H}\) atoms. The two naturally occurring isotopes of hydrogen are \({ }^{1} \mathrm{H}\) (atomic mass = 1.00783 amu; abundance \(99.9885 \%\) ) and \({ }^{2} \mathrm{H}\) (atomic mass \(=\) 2.01410 amu; abundance \(0.0115 \%\) ). (a) How many peaks will the mass spectrum have? (b) Give the relative atomic masses of each of these peaks. (c) Which peak will be the largest and which the smallest?

Hydrogen sulfide is composed of two elements: hydrogen and sulfur. In an experiment, \(6.500 \mathrm{~g}\) of hydrogen sulfide is fully decomposed into its elements. (a) If \(0.384 \mathrm{~g}\) of hydrogen is obtained in this experiment, how many grams of sulfur must be obtained? (b) What fundamental law does this experiment demonstrate? (c) How is this law explained by Dalton's atomic theory?

The elements of group \(4 \mathrm{~A}\) show an interesting change in properties moving down the group. Give the name and chemical symbol of each element in the group and label it as a nonmetal, metalloid, or metal.

The natural abundance of \({ }^{3} \mathrm{He}\) is \(0.000137 \% .\) (a) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are in an atom of \({ }^{3}\) He? (b) Based on the sum of the masses of their subatomic particles, which is expected to be more massive, an atom of \({ }^{3}\) He or an atom of \({ }^{3} \mathrm{H}\) (which is also called tritium)? (c) Based on your answer to part (b), what would need to be the precision of a mass spectrometer that is able to differentiate between peaks that are due to \({ }^{3} \mathrm{He}^{+}\) and \({ }^{3} \mathrm{H}^{+}\) ?
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